论马克思《博士论文》中的概念辩证法

On the Concept Dialectics in Marx’s Doctoral Dissertation

马克思的《博士论文》是用黑格尔概念辩证法重新解释希腊原子论的文献。为了回应近代哲学中主体与客体、思维与存在、现象与本质的二元对立,马克思将德谟克利特阐释为近代经验论的代表,将伊壁鸠鲁阐释为近代唯理论的代表。在马克思的阐释之下,二者的原子论具有了近代哲学二元纷争的意味。马克思用概念辩证法将原子改造为既具有物质性规定又具有观念性规定的整体的辩证原子概念,继承了德国古典哲学特别是黑格尔哲学的整体的哲学思想,跳出了主客二元对立的模式。

Marx’s "doctoral dissertation" is a document that reinterprets Greek atomism with Hegel’s Dialectics of concept.In response to the binary opposition of subject and object,thinking and existence,phenomenon and essence in modern philosophy,Marx interpreted Democritus as the representative of modern empiricism and Epicurus as the representative of modern rationalism.Under Marx’s explanation,their atomism has the meaning of binary dispute in modern philosophy.Marx took the concept dialectics to transform the atomic concept as the whole atomic concept with both material and conceptual provisions.He inherited the whole philosophy of German classical philosophy,especially Hegel’s philosophy,and jumped out of the mode of subject object binary opposition.