城乡居民基本养老保险制度改革的收入再分配效应研究——基于老年群体收入差距变动视角

Research on the Redistribution Effect of Rural-urban Residents’ Pension System Reform——Based on the Changes of Income Disparity of the Aged Group

2008年以来,我国社会养老保险制度改革进入到"扩面与制度整合"的新阶段,与制度转型阶段居民收入差距不断扩大的情况相反,这一阶段居民收入差距逐渐下降。利用CHARLS2011、2013与2015数据,从老年群体收入差距变动的新视角考察了2009-2014年城乡居民养老保险制度改革的收入再分配效应。养老金是老年群体最主要的收入来源,研究表明其也对老年群体收入差距负有最大"贡献";近年来老年群体收入差距小幅下降,养老金贡献率逐年走低,城乡居民养老保险制度的改革增强了整个社会养老保险体系调节收入差距的能力;家庭提供的养老资金的比重越来越高,其他社会转移收入正日益成为扩大老年群体收入差距的重要因素。

Since 2008,the reform of China’s public pension system has entered into a new period of expanding the coverage of the system and strengthening the integration of the system.Different from the situation in which the income gap in China continued to widen during the transition of public pension system,the income disparity has gradually decreased during this period.Using the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011,2013 and 2015,we analyze the redistribution effect of rural-urban residents’pension system reform from a new perspective of income gap changes among the elderly.Pension is the main source of income for the elderly,and we find that it also has the greatest contribution to the income gap of the aged group.In recent years,the income gap of the aged group has declined slightly,and the contribution rate of pension has being decreasing year by year,and the reform of rural-urban residents’pension has improved the redistribution effect of public pension system.In addition,the proportion of elderly income provided by families is increasing,and other social transfer income is increasingly becoming an important factor in widening the income gap of the aged group.