列夫·托尔斯泰与佛学

Lev Tolstoy and Buddhism

列夫·托尔斯泰的思想是东西方文化交融的结果。托尔斯泰从1850年代起开始接触印度文化,最晚从1870年代开始了解佛学文化,但这一时期对佛学文化的片面理解导致托尔斯泰对人生失望,得到了人生虚无的答案。走出精神危机之后,托尔斯泰开始认真阅读佛教经典,佛学文化中对人的个体性的否定影响了托尔斯泰对人的灵魂的共同性的理解,佛学思想也促进了道德完善学说的形成。在托尔斯泰复杂的思想体系中,佛学是一个组成部分。

Lev Tolstoy’s thoughts are the blending of Eastern and Western cultures. Tolstoy began to get in touch with India in the 1950 s and know something about Buddhism no later than the 1970 s. But his one-sided understanding of Buddhism led him to be disappointed of life and think that life is nothingness. After mental crisis, Tolstoy began to read Buddhist classics carefully. The negation of individuality in Buddhism influenced Tolstoy’s understanding of the commonality of human souls. Buddhism also promoted to the formation of his doctrine of moral perfection. Buddhism is a part of Tolstoy’s complex thoughts system.