晚清中国对日本官报制度的借鉴与移植(1896—1911)

Drawing Lessons from and the Transplant of Japanese Official Newspaper in the Late Qing Dynasty(1896-1911)

新政期间,清政府从不同角度效仿、移植日本制度,创办新式官报即为一例典型。文章以1896—1911年出现的新式官报为研究对象,试图探寻日本官报对中国的影响。研究表明,日本官报的内容体例、运营模式以及办报理念逐渐被中国接纳。受其影响,中国官报在内容上以文牍居多,在管理上采用印刷办报一体的经营模式,在理念上视媒介为行政机关,呈现出与民间报刊不同的特性。从制度移植视角展开的审视,有助于重新理解中国官报的发展,它表明清廷自我变革的努力,而不只是全然因循守旧。

During the"New Deal"period,the Qing government imitated and transplanted the Japanese system from different angles,and the establishment of a new type of official newspaper is a typical example.This paper takes the new official newspapers which appeared in 1896-1911 as research subject and explores the influence of Japanese official newspapers on Chinese ones.The research shows that the content style,operation mode and operation concept of Japanese official newspapers are gradually accepted by their Chinese counterparts.Under its influence,the Chinese official newspapers of that time were mainly composed of documents,and the management adopted the business model of printing and running newspapers.In the meanwhile,Chinese newspaper practitioners regarded the media as the administrative organ,which possessed different characteristics from the folk newspapers and periodicals.From the perspective of system transplant,it helps to reinterpret the development of China’s official newspapers,which indicates the Qing government took efforts to reform itself,rather than just being completely conservative.