毕节试验区初中生欺凌受害心理素质与自杀意念的关系

Relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students in Bijie

目的探讨初中生欺凌受害、心理素质和自杀意念之间的关系,为校园欺凌防治和青少年自杀预防提供参考依据。方法采用Olweus儿童欺负问卷、中学生心理素质问卷和自杀意念问卷,对整群抽取的毕节试验区5所初级中学的3 635名七至九年级学生进行问卷调查。结果毕节试验区初中生欺凌受害的检出率为28.34%,言语欺凌、关系欺凌、身体欺凌的检出率分别为22.59%,12.05%和7.54%,不同性别学生欺凌受害及言语、关系、身体欺凌的检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为88.92,94.29,7.69,P值均<0.01)。欺凌受害与自杀意念之间呈正相关(r=0.21),两者与心理素质均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.17,-0.22)(P值均<0.01)。在欺凌受害与自杀意念的关系中,心理素质的调节作用有统计学意义(β=-0.04,P<0.05)。结论心理素质能缓冲欺凌受害对自杀意念的影响,应重视心理素质教育在维护青少年心理健康中的关键作用。

Objective To explore relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents. Methods A total of 3 635 students of 7-9 th grade from 5 junior middle schools were enrolled and investigated with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire(OBVQ), psychological traits questionnaire for middle school students and suicide ideation questionnaire. Results Prevalence of bullying victimization was 28.34% of middle school students, while the prevalence of verbal, relational and physical bullying were 22.59%, 12.05% and 7.54%, respectively. Boys had significantly higher rates of bullying victimization than girls(χ^(2)=88.92,94.29,7.69,P<0.01). Bullying victimization was positively associated with suicidal ideation(r=0.21, P<0.01), while associated with psychological traits(r=-0.17,-0.22, P<0.01). Psychological traits had a moderating effect on the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation(β=-0.04, P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological traits can buffer the adverse effects of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation, and the critical role of psychological traits in the maintenance and development of adolescent mental health should be emphasized.