哈尔滨市室内空气质量对学龄儿童肺功能的影响

Effects of indoor air quality on the pulmonary function of schoolchildren in Harbin

目的探索哈尔滨市及城郊室内空气质量,并分析其对学龄儿童肺功能指数的影响,为预防呼吸系统相关疾病的发生提供参考。方法在采暖季对哈尔滨市及城郊80户学龄儿童室内环境中的CO_(2)、甲醛、苯、PM_(10)、细菌总数进行监测,应用层次分析模型(IAAH)对室内空气质量进行综合评价,并分析室内空气质量与学龄儿童肺功能指数的相关性。结果哈尔滨城郊室内监测空气污染物中CO2体积百分比、PM_(10) 质量浓度及细菌总数高于市区(t值分别为5.86,4.92,21.16,P值均<0.05);采用IAAH模型分析城郊家庭室内空气质量发现,37.5%家庭空气质量为中度污染,20.0%家庭空气质量存在严重污染。多重线性回归在排除混杂影响因素后,室内空气质量IAAH值与小学生肺功能指数用力肺活量(FVC%)、用力呼出75%肺活量的呼气流速(FEF75%)和用力呼出25%肺活量的呼气流速(FEF25%)均存有相关性(β值分别为-0.17,-0.34,-0.43,P值均<0.05)。结论哈尔滨市采暖季城郊室内空气污染严重,应引起重视,以防学龄儿童呼吸系统相关疾病发生。

Objective To explore the indoor air quality of Harbin and its suburbs, and analyze the influence of indoor air quality on the pulmonary function indexes of schoolchildren, and to provide a reference for preventing the related respiratory diseases. Methods The concentration of CO_(2), formaldehyde, benzene, PM_(10) and total bacterial count in indoor of 80 residents in Harbin and its suburb were monitored. The IAAH model was used to evaluate the indoor air quality, and the correlation between the indoor air quality and the pulmonary function indexes of schoolchildren was analyzed. Results The levels of indoor air pollutant in suburb was higher than that in the urban of Harbin, and the concentration of CO2, PM_(10) and total bacteria count in the suburb of Harbin increase significantly during the heating season(t=5.86,4.92,21.16, P<0.05). Among the 40 households monitored by IAAH model in suburb during heating season, 37.5% had moderate air pollution, and 20.0% had severe air pollution. The IAAH was correlated with FVC, FEF75% and FEF25% after excluding the confounding factors by multiple linear regression(β=-0.17,-0.34,-0.43, P<0.05). Conclusion Indoor air pollution is very serious in the suburb of Harbin during heating season, which should be paid attention to by parents to prevent related respiratory diseases of schoolchildren.