卫生知识与性别分工——近代中国传染病知识的性别化传播研究

Health Knowledge and Gender Division of Labour:Research on Gendered Dissemination of Infectious Disease Knowledge in Modern China

女性是近代传染病知识传播的重要受众。得益于近代中国对传染病防治的日益重视和"家庭"在传染病防治中的特殊地位,妇女报刊和以教科书为基础的学校教育将较为系统前沿的传染病知识传播给女性。同时,通俗实用的传染病知识也经由民众教育向普通城乡妇女传播。在近代传染病知识向女性传播的过程中,性别化传播始终存在。传统性别分工成为向女性传播传染病知识的重要依据,性别化传播也在一定程度上强化了传统性别分工。但在缺乏医学启蒙的近代中国,围绕"家庭"的知识传播,向女性提供了必要的传染病防治知识。近代中国重视以家庭为单位的传染病知识传播策略,可以给当下提升城乡居民传染病防治素养以启示。

Women were the important audience of the spread of Infectious Disease Knowledge in modern China. Thanks to the increasing emphasis on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in modern China and the special status of"family"in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,women’s newspapers and school education based on textbooks spread the systematic and cutting-edge knowledge of infectious diseases to female intellectuals. At the same time,popular and practical knowledge of infectious diseases was also extended to ordinary urban and rural women through various forms of public education. In the process of spreading knowledge of infectious diseases to women,there was a gender dimension. The traditional gender division of labor became an important basis for the transmission of infectious disease knowledge to women,and the gendered transmission has also strengthened the traditional gender division of labour. However,in contemporary China,due to lack of basic medical awareness,the dissemination of knowledge around"family"could provide women with necessary knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control. Contemporary China has attached great importance to the strategy of spreading the knowledge of infectious diseases with the family as a base unit,an inspiration still relevant for improving the quality of infectious disease prevention and control among urban and rural residents today.