卫生行政与妇女保健实践:20世纪50年代精神预防性无痛分娩法在上海

Health Administration and Women’s Health Practice:Mental Preparedness in Painless Birth Delivery in Shanghai in the 1950s

精神预防性无痛分娩法的推行是中华人民共和国成立初期国家卫生行政对妇女保健实践的一次直接介入,该法学自同属社会主义阵营的苏联,符合新中国"以预防为主"的卫生工作方针。得益于妇产医学精英在技术研究和各界在宣传教育中的努力,上海在推行中取得不错的成绩,成为全国的标杆。在经历了高潮和重振等阶段后,精神预防性无痛分娩法退出了历史舞台,但其在彰显社会主义优越性、改造医学界思想和改善医务人员工作态度方面起到较好的作用。对于接受精神预防性无痛分娩法的妇女而言,实际"痛与不痛"已不重要,其从无痛分娩法所要求的住院分娩、自然分娩中获益良多。

The promotion of mental preparedness in painless birth delivery,a method that came from the Soviet Union,represented a practice of direct intervention of the state’s health administration in women’s health in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This method matched the focus of public health centred on prevention in China at the time. Thanks to technical research by women’s health professionals and the collective efforts of people in all fields at public education,this method was widely adopted and Shanghai became the best example of its adoption. Even though this method is no longer in use after it reached its peak and revived again following its retrieval,its adoption did play a positive role in improving attitudes and mentality among women’s health professionals upholding socialist advantage. For those women who received this method,whether it was painful or painless no longer important. They were benefited physically.