视网膜血管病中黄斑中心凹无血管区的研究进展

Research progress of foveal avascular zone in retinal vascular disease

黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)是指视网膜连续毛细血管丛所包围的区域,其本身没有任何毛细血管结构。FAZ是形成精细视觉功能的重要区域,其形态及周围毛细血管密度的变化反映了黄斑的缺血程度,且与糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞、Coats病、特发性黄斑毛细血管扩张症、早产儿视网膜病变等视网膜血管病密切相关。应用光相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)早期观察视网膜血管病患者的FAZ区域变化可以评估其病情程度及预后。但是FAZ相关数据的测量误差仍然是不可忽视的问题,且目前各生产厂商的OCTA设备用于测量和分析FAZ的方法和算法不同,使得我们无法比较不同设备间测得的数据。相信随着OCTA相关技术的不断进步,FAZ区域的变化将得到更精确的数据分析,给临床工作带来更多的帮助。

The fovea avascular area(FAZ)is an area of the retina surrounded by a continuous capillary plexus that does not have any capillary structure of its own.FAZ is an important region for the formation of fine vision function.The changes of its morphology and surrounding capillary density reflect the degree of macular ischemia,and are closely related to retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy,retinal vein occlusion,Coats disease,idiopathic macular telangiectasia,and retinopathy of prematurity.Early observation of FAZ region changes in patients with retinal vascular disease by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can evaluate the severity and prognosis of the disease.However,the measurement error of FAZ-related data is still a problem that cannot be ignored.At present,OCTA devices of various manufacturers have different methods and algorithms for measuring and analyzing FAZ,which makes it impossible to compare the measured data between different devices.It is believed that with the continuous progress of OCTA related technology,more accurate data of FAZ regional changes can be obtained,which will bring more help to clinical work.