机车运行对女乘务员生殖与心理健康影响的调查

A survey of the effects of locomotive operation on reproductive and mental health of stewardesses

目的调查分析女性机车乘务员的生殖健康与心理健康现状,为保护该群体职业健康提供参考。方法抽取某客运段170名女性机车乘务员为观察组,另选同系统非乘务类170名女性职工作为对照组。调查两组对象的一般资料,进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)测评,并统一进行生殖健康状况检查。结果SCL-90量表总均分,观察组[(1.61±0.47)分]高于对照组[(1.46±0.44)分,P<0.05],且躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性各维度评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组月经异常总检出率(40.36%)明显高于对照组(12.42%)(P<0.05)。观察组的计划性妊娠率(68.67%)、自然流产史检出率(4.22%)与对照组(计划性妊娠率为63.98%、自然流产史检出率为1.24%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组累计不良妊娠结局(14.46%)高于对照组(4.97%)(P<0.05)。观察组的妇科疾病检出率(34.94%)高于对照组(11.80%)(P<0.05)。结论女性机车乘务员发生心理、生殖健康问题风险较高,建议加强职业健康教育培训、落实妇科疾病普查普治政策。

Objective The status quo of reproductive health and mental health of female locomotive attendants was investigated and analyzed to provide reference for the protection of occupational health of this group.Methods 170female locomotive attendants in a passenger section were selected as the observation group,and 170female locomotive attendants in the same system as the control group were selected.General information of the two groups was investigated,the symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)was evaluated,and the reproductive health status was checked uniformly.Results The total average score of SCL-90in the observation group[(1.61±0.47)points]was higher than that in the control group[(1.46±0.44)points,P<0.05],and the scores of somatization,compulsion,depression,anxiety,hostility,terror and psychoticism in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total detection rate of abnormal menstruation in the observation group(40.36%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(12.42%)(P<0.05).The planned pregnancy rate(68.67%)and spontaneous abortion history detection rate(4.22%)in the observation grouPwere not significantly different from those in the control group(63.98%and 1.24%respectively,P>0.05).The cumulative adverse pregnancy outcome in the observation group(14.46%)was higher than that in the control group(4.97%)(P<0.05).The detection rate of gynecological diseases in the observation group(34.94%)was higher than that in the control group(11.80%)(P<0.05).Conclusions Female locomotive attendants are at higher risk of psychological and reproductive health problems.It is suggested to strengthen occupational health education and training and implement the general survey and treatment policy for gynecological diseases.