社会融合视阈下城市人印象的测量体系与维度

The Measurement System and Dimension of Urban People’s Impression from the Perspective of Social Integration

以“城市印象管理为基础,构建社会融合系统”已成为新时代的研究焦点。城市本地人与外来人经过“接触—竞争—冲突—适应”心理过程,最终获得对彼此的认同和接纳。从这一心理建构系统出发,可以通过动态渐进、多维互动的方式同时进行社会融合两个维度的测量:城市本地人接纳意愿维度形成“群体期望→印象形成→群体期望”的单向循环;外来人融入意愿维度形成“融入动机→融入觉察→融入动机”的单向循环。当城市本地人与外来人之间密切接触、相互沟通时,分别处于单向循环的两个维度开始进行双向互动,从而形成了这两类群体之间由内而外、由局部到整体的系统性社会融合。从群体动力学的宏观层面与微观层面上分别切入,社会融合还可以划分为群体认同、城市归属感、社会距离和群际接触等四个维度,分别动态衡量城市本地人与外来人彼此之间的印象偏差。而围绕“不同的城市人印象效价与趋同度是否决定社会融合的不同走向”这一论证课题,今后仍有待从理论建构、研究对象、研究方法和多学科体系等四个层面进行更加深入的研究探索。

It has become the research focus of the new era to build a social integration system based on the city impression management.In the psychological process of“contact competition conflict adaptation”,urban natives and outsiders finally gain mutual recognition and acceptance.Starting from this psychological construction system,two dimensions of social integration can be measured by means of a dynamic progressive multi-dimensional interaction.The acceptance intention dimension of city natives forms a one-way cycle of“group expectation→impression formation→group expectation”.Accordingly,the dimension of outsiders’integration intention forms a one-way cycle of“integration motivation→integration awareness→integration motivation”.When there is close contact and communication between the city natives and the outsiders,the two dimensions,which are in a one-way cycle respectively,start to interact with each other,thus forming a systematic integration between the two groups from inside to out and from the part to the whole.Starting from the macro level and micro level of group dynamics,social integration can be divided into four dimensions:group identity,urban belonging,social distance and intergroup contact,so as to dynamically measure the impression deviation between city natives and outsiders.Centering on the question“whether different urban people’s impression potency and convergence degree determine the different trend of social integration”,it still needs to make an in-depth exploration from four aspects—theoretical construction,research object,research method and multidisciplinary system.