水氮配施对绿洲温室黄瓜氮素代谢及产量品质的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on nitrogen metabolism and yield and quality of cucumber in oasis greenhouse of Gansu Province

为明确绿洲温室黄瓜的水氮适宜用量,以黄瓜品种"卓越99F1"为材料,采用田间随机区组排列设计,研究了不同水氮处理对黄瓜氮素代谢及产量品质的影响。结果表明:土壤含水量为田间持水量65%~80%、施氮量为234 kg·hm-2的处理,黄瓜植株体内硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶活性最高;各处理在不同生长阶段,硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶与谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶含量均呈现结瓜中期>前期>末期的变化规律,水分与氮肥交互作用对中期硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶活性影响均呈极显著水平。同时,此处理下的黄瓜植株在开展度、单株产量和经济产量等性状数值最大,分别为71.4 cm、4.17 kg和174 t·hm^(-2)。水分及水氮互作效应对株高、叶片数、开展度、单株产量和经济产量呈极显著影响;果实内可溶性糖含量、可溶蛋白质与果实Vc含量最高也以此处理最高。水分与氮肥的交互作用对黄瓜果实可溶性糖含量有显著影响,氮肥对果实中可溶蛋白质、Vc含量有极显著影响。

In order to optimize water and nitrogen coupling for cucumbers in the oasis greenhouse,we used the cucumber variety Excellence 99F1 with a random complete block design to investigate the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen coupling on cucumber nitrogen metabolism,yield and quality.The results showed that,the treatment of 65%~80%field water holding capacity and nitrogen application of 234 kg·ha-1(W2N2)had higher nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities than those of other treatments.The nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities were in the order of mid>early>late-fruiting stage,respectively.The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen on nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities in the mid-fruiting stage was significant.The cucumber plants under W2N2 treatment showed the largest values of development spread,yield per plant,and economic yield,with 71.4 cm,4.17 kg,and 174 t·hm-2,respectively.Irrigation and nitrogen interactively affected plant height,leaf number,development spread,yield per plant and economic yield.The W2N2 treatment was with the highest soluble sugar content,soluble protein and fruit Vc contents in the fruit.Therefore,the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen would significantly influence the soluble sugar content of cucumber fruits,and nitrogen fertilizer would significantly impact soluble protein and Vc concentrations in the fruit.