含枯草芽孢杆菌肥料对大豆叶片光合作用及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of fertilizers containing Bacillus subtilis on photosynthesis of soybean leaves and soil enzyme activities

为了减少大豆生产过程中化肥的施用量及对黑土地的保护,开展大豆田间试验,分别施用大豆专用复合肥(CK)、枯草芽孢杆菌+氨基酸型有机肥(T_(1))、枯草芽孢杆菌+黄腐酸钾肥(T_(2))、枯草芽孢杆菌+海藻精粉颗粒肥(T_(3))、枯草芽孢杆菌秸秆腐熟有机肥(T_(4))、枯草芽孢杆菌鸡粪腐熟有机肥(T_5),综合评价各种肥料对大豆光合作用和土壤酶活的作用效果。结果表明:光合参数方面,T_(1)、T_(4)和T_5处理的净光合速率较CK增加了5.0%、0.7%和8%,但差异不显著;蒸腾速率的最大值为T_5,较CK增加了30%,最小值为T_(2),较CK降低了43.1%;气孔导度从高到低依次为T_5>T_(4)>T_(1)>CK>T_(3)>T_(2),其中T_(2)、T_(3)和T_5与CK差异显著;T_(2)处理胞间CO_2浓度最低,较CK显著降低了12.0%,T_(1)、T_5处理较CK分别增加了5%和7%。叶绿素含量中,T_(4)和T_5的叶绿素含量均显著低于CK,T_(1)处理的叶绿素a含量最高,较CK增加了17.3%,T_(2)处理的叶绿素b含量较CK提高了2%,T_(3)处理与CK相比无明显变化。各处理的土壤脲酶活性均显著高于CK T_5处理为最大值,较CK提高17.7%;土壤蔗糖酶从高到低依次为T_(1)> T_(3)>CK>T_(1)>T_(4)>T_(2),其中T_(1)较CK提高了18.9%,T_(2)较CK降低了27.8%;土壤碱性磷酸酶的最小值为T_(3)处理,酶活仅为8.55 mg·g^(-1),最大值为T_(4)处理,较CK增加了7%。作为环境友好肥料,枯草芽孢杆菌+氨基酸型有机肥、枯草芽孢杆菌秸秆腐熟有机肥和鸡粪枯草芽孢腐熟有机肥部分代替化肥,具有应用潜力。

In order to reduce chemical fertilizers in soybean production and conserve the black soil,we conducted a field experiment including following treatments:special compound fertilizer(CK),Bacillus subtilis+amino acid granular fertilizer(T_(1)),Bacillus subtilis+fulvic acid potassium fertilizer(T_(2)),Bacillus subtilis+seaweed refined powder granular fertilizer(T_(3)),straw Bacillus subtilis decomposed organic fertilizer(T_(4)),and chicken manure Bacillus subtilis decomposed organic fertilizer(T 5).The effects of various fertilizers on soybean photosynthesis and soil enzyme activities were comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that,as for photosynthetic parameters,the net photosynthetic rate of T_(1),T_(4),and T 5 increased by 5.0%,0.7%,and 8%compared with CK,without significant differences among the treatments.The maximum and minimum values of transpiration rate were T 5 and T_(2),which was 30%higher or 43.1%lower than that of CK,respectively.The stomatal conductance value was in the order of T 5>T_(4)>T_(1)>CK>T_(3)>T_(2),and significant differences were found among T_(2),T_(3),T 5 and CK.The concentration of intercellular CO 2 in T_(2) was with the smallest value,significantly lower than CK by 12.0%,while that of T_(1) and T 5 was 5%and 7%higher than CK.The chlorophyll contents in T_(4) and T 5 were significantly lower than that of CK;T_(1) was with the maximum value of chlorophyll a content,17.3%higher than that of CK.The chlorophyll b content in T_(2) increased by 2%compared with CK,while T_(3) had no effect.The soil urease activity in each treatment was significantly higher than that of CK,and T 5 was with the maximum value,17.7%higher than that of CK.The activity of soil invertase was in the order of T_(1)>T_(3)>CK>T 5>T_(4)>T_(2),and 18.9%increase in T_(1) but 27.8%decline in T_(2) compared with CK.T_(3) had the minimum value of soil alkaline phosphatase with 8.55 mg·g-1,while T_(4) had the maximum value,which was 7%higher than that of CK.As environmentally friendly fertilizers,Bacillus subtilis+amino acid granular fertilizer,straw subtilis spore-decomposed organic fertilizer and chicken manure subtilis spore-decomposed organic fertilizer would replace chemical fertilizers partially,with potential application in the future.