基于欧洲五维健康量表的深圳市中老年社区居民生命质量现状及影响因素研究

Current status of quality of life and its influencing factors among community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly residents in Shenzhen City based on EQ-5D scales

目的运用欧洲五维健康量表(European quality oflife 5-dimensions,EQ-5D)研究深圳市坪山区中老年人健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life,HRQOL)及其影响因素。方法对研究对象进行问卷调查,采用多重线性回归分析HRQOL的影响因素。结果共纳入942名中老年社区居民,回收有效问卷932份,EQ-5D指数和EQ-VAS得分分别为(0.81±0.06)和(77.49±13.93)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,自身或一级亲属未患慢性病、男性、参加体育锻炼、饮食习惯未改变、年龄≥70岁、脑力劳动、每日睡眠时间≥6 h者EQ-5D指数较高,β分别为-0.019、-0.011、0.010、0.014、-0.015、-0.016、0.014和0.011;自身未患慢性疾病、参加体育锻炼、有饮茶史、饮食习惯未改变、每日睡眠时间≥8 h、城镇居民基本医疗保险者EQ-VAS得分较高,β分别为-6.199、3.533、2.600、-2.898、2.578、2.909,P均<0.05。结论深圳市坪山区中老年人的HRQOL总体较好,应对患慢性病、女性、不参加体育锻炼、不饮茶、饮食习惯已发生改变、年龄超过70岁、从事体力劳动和睡眠时间小于6 h的中老年人给予更多的关注和照料,以提高中老年人的HRQOL。

Objective To explore the health-related quality of life(HRQOL) and its influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly people in Pingshan District of Shenzhen City by using the European Quality of Life 5-dimensions(EQ-5 D) Questionnaire. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the research subjects. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of HRQOL. Results A total of 942 middle-aged and elderly residents were enrolled in this study, and 932 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The EQ-5 D index and EQ-VAS scores were(0.81±0.06) and(77.49±13.93), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that residents or their first-degree relatives without chronic disease, males and residents with physical exercises, having no change in appetite, aged ≥ 70 years, with mental labour, and with daily sleeping hours ≥ 6 had higher scores of EQ-5 D indexes, and the β was-0.019,-0.011, 0.010, 0.014,-0.015,-0.016, 0.014 and 0.011, respectively. Residents without chronic diseases, with physical exercises, having a habit of drinking tea, having no change in appetite, with daily sleeping hours ≥ 8 and with urban resident basic medical insurance had higher EQ-VAS scores, and the β was-6.199, 3.533, 2.600,-2.898, 2.578 and 2.909, respectively(all P<0.05). Conclusions Health-related quality of life of the middle-aged and elderly in Pingshan District of Shenzhen City is generally good. More attention and care should be given to the middle-aged and elderly with chronic diseases, women and residents without physical exercise and drinking tea, having changes in eating habits, aged > 70 years, engaging in manual labour and with daily sleeping hours < 6 so as to improve their HRQOL.