湖南省孕产妇亲密伴侣暴力发生及影响因素研究

Occurrence and influencing factors of intimate partner violence amongst pregnant and lying-in women in Hunan Province

目的了解孕产妇在孕前和妊娠期亲密伴侣暴力(intimate partner violence,IPV)的发生情况,探索和识别影响亲密伴侣暴力发生的因素。方法通过湖南省某妇幼保健院产科门诊招募孕妇进行问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学特征,家庭条件,妊娠经历,社会支持和亲密伴侣暴力经历。结果本次回收有效问卷510份,共113例(22.2%)孕产妇有遭受亲密伴侣暴力的经历,其中68例(13.3%)是在孕前发生的亲密伴侣暴力,45例(8.8%)是在妊娠期发生亲密伴侣暴力;就暴力类型而言,精神暴力发生率最高,有97例(19.0%),其次为躯体暴力有21例(4.1%),性暴力最少,有6例(1.2%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示有不良妊娠史是孕前亲密伴侣暴力发生的危险因素(OR=2.941,95%CI:1.574~5.494),而社会支持中主观支持是妊娠期亲密伴侣暴力发生的保护因素(OR=0.803,95%CI:0.722~0.893)。结论孕产妇遭遇孕前和妊娠期亲密伴侣暴力将影响孕产妇及婴幼儿身心健康,在母婴保健工作中应增加对妇女精神暴力伤害及孕产妇亲密伴侣暴力发生的关注,并及早识别受害者的暴力经历,从而采取早期干预措施。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence(IPV) during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy among pregnant and lying-in women, and to explore and identify the factors influencing the occurrence of IPV. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among pregnant and lying-in women recruited from obstetric department of a maternal and child health care hospital in Hunan Province. The surveyed contents included general demographic characteristics, family condition, pregnancy experience, social support and IPV experience. Results Five hundred and ten valid questionnaires were retrieved in this survey. A total of 113(22.2%) pregnant and lying-in women had experienced IPV, of which 68(13.3%) pregnant and lying-in women had confronted IPV before pregnancy, and 45(8.8%) pregnant and lying-in women had encountered IPV during pregnancy. As for the type of violence, the prevalence of mental violence was the highest(19.0%, 97/510), followed by physical violence(4.1%, 21/510). The prevalence of sexual violence was the lowest(1.2%, 6/510). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that having a history of adverse pregnancy was a risk factor for IPV during pre-pregnancy(OR=2.941, 95%CI:1.574-5.494), while subjective social support was a protective factor for IPV during pregnancy(OR=0.803, 95%CI:0.722-0.893). Conclusions Encountering IPV during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy will affect physical and mental health of pregnant and lying-in women and healthy growth of infants. More attention should be focused on women’s mental violence and maternal IPV in maternal and child health care work;moreover, victims’ experiences of violence should be identified earlier so as to take early intervention measures.