古代声乐文化生态如何促进宋词演唱与发展——以笙为例

How Does the Ancient Chinese Vocal Music Culture Promotethe Singing and Development of Song Lyric——Taking an Instrument Sheng as an Example

具有文学和音乐双重属性的宋词,其演唱与发展既有自身内在的文学规律,又受其所处声乐文化生态影响。词倚声而填,和乐而歌,不同乐种的风格倾向、不同乐曲的审美差别、不同乐器的选择使用乃至不同歌者的临场处理均会对歌词发生影响,而这种影响往往会凝定于歌词并成为传统流传下去。以笙为例,这种古老乐器在周秦之际沉淀了浓厚的礼乐色彩与图腾意味,在宋代借助丰富的物质基础,以其种类多、形制繁的特征而介入宋词表演,进而从多方面强化了宋词宴会表演属性和喜庆色彩。这种影响也最终在歌词中凝定下来并成为歌词传统的一部分。笙的内涵与演奏对宋词演唱的影响,是中国声乐文化促进宋词发展的一个范例。

The Song lyric,which has the dual attributes of literature and music,has its own internal literary laws and is influenced by its vocal culture ecology.The lyrics are determined by the tune.The style of different music,the aesthetics of different music,the choice of different instruments,and the treatment of different singers,will affect the lyrics,and this effect will often condense in the lyrics and become a tradition to pass on.Taking sheng as an example,this ancient instrument precipitated a strong ritual color and totem meaning during the Zhou and Qin dynasties.In the Song Dynasty,with the rich material foundation,with its variety and shape,it intervened in the Song lyric performance,and then Strengthened the performance of the Song banquet performance and festive colors.This effect is finally settled in the lyrics and becomes part of the lyric tradition.The influence of the connotation and performance on the singing of the Song dynasty is an example of the development of the vocal music culture to promote the Song lyric.