从新史料看马克思主义对1930年代左翼教育运动的影响——以中国左翼教育工作者联盟两份纲领为分析对象

On the influence of Marxism on the left-wing leducation movement in the 1930s from new historical documents——Taking two creedal documents of Chinese Leftist Educators’League as the object of analysis

中国左翼教育工作者联盟是1930年代左翼文化运动的重要团体之一。新近发现的“教联”成立初期所制定的《中国新兴教育社纲领》完整文本,具有重要的史料和研究价值。将此纲领与“教联”在1935年所制定的另一纲领《中国新兴教育者联盟纲领草案》相比较,可以清晰地看到马克思主义对左翼教育运动不断扩大的思想影响。在理论层面,“教联”对马克思主义的理解和运用日趋深入、自觉,这表现在对教育的本质、教育与生产劳动的关系、教育与劳动大众的关系及新兴教育的主体力量等重大问题的认识及分析上;在实践层面,“教联”将投身改变现实的社会革命、在劳动大众及青年知识分子中传播马克思主义置于愈益突出的地位,并提出建立民主集中制的要求。“教联”及整个左翼文化运动的多方面贡献,是马克思主义在近代中国传播历程中一个不可忽略的历史片段。

Chinese Leftist Educators’League(“CLEL”)was an important group in the leftwing cultural movement in the 1930s.Recently,the first creedal document of the CLEL,“Programme of Chinese Emerging Education Association”,was first discovered in the Academia Historica in Taiwan District,filling in the gaps of historical materials.Comparing it with the second creedal document of the CLEL——“Draft Programme of Chinese Emerging Educators’League”which has been mastered by the academia,at the level of theoretical knowledge,the latter one presents the penetrated and fresh understanding in Marxism on the Marxist analysis of the essence of education,the further understanding of the law and trends of educational development,deeping use of class analysis method.At the level of practical guidance,the latter programme aims to establish the goal of leading social reform,promote Marxism education and establish the requirements of democratic centralism,which show the new orientation of CLEL activities and organization under the guidance of Marxism.The similarities and differences between the two Programmes not only systematically and comprehensively show the ideological process,development track and historical role of CLEL,but also provide key evidence for the study of the change and turn of left-wing cultural groups,reflecting the profound impact of Marxism on the leftwing education movement and even the leftwing cultural movement.