朝向生命共生:儒家师生之“乐”教育学解读

Towards Life Coexistence:A Confucian Interpretation of Happiness-Based Interactive Emotions Between Teachers and Students from the Perspective of Education

孔子提出的"有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎"之命题,以"乐"指称了师生关系的理想形态。"乐"是指以"悦"为前提的、师生双方在交往活动中的交互性情感体验,本质上表达了师生"道"之相遇。儒家师生之"乐"表征了一种朝向生命共生的师生关系形态,师生双方同时兼具主体与客体之双重属性,以"道"为中心形成由互动而联结的生命共生体。就价值取向而言,师生之"乐"彰明了教师之"乐"的主导性,以"师"与"道"的内在联结为前提与根据,从而确证一种基于共识的教育性。就对他者性的确证方式而言,师生双方与"道"的真实联结,使二者的互动关系具体展开为道德义务的双向对待,儒家师生关系由此表现为对称的伦理关系。

In the statement "Isn’t it a pleasure to have like-minded friends coming from afar? ",Confucius used "pleasure" to refer to the ideal relationship between teachers and students,indicating happiness-based interactive emotions between teachers and students,and essentially reflecting the encounter of morals between teachers and students.In this sense,the "pleasure" represents a teacher-student relationship towards life coexistence;teachers and students serve as both subjects and objects,and become moral-centered symbionts. In terms of value orientation,the "pleasure" between teachers and students indicates the leading role of teachers’ pleasure,with the inner connection between teachers and morals viewed as the premise,thus confirming a kind of consensus-based education. In the genuine connections between teachers/students and morals,the interactions between teachers and students are reflected in a mutual moral duty;in this sense, the Confucian relationship between teachers and students represents a symmetrical ethical relationship. In this way,Confucians offer a Chinese approach to the theoretical development of the contemporary relationship between teachers and students.