父母陪伴与儿童的人力资本发展

Parental Companionship and Children’s Human Capital Development

人力资本发展对家庭和经济社会高质量发展至关重要。对我国家庭父母陪伴与儿童人力资本发展的关系进行考察发现,父母陪伴对初中学龄儿童认知与非认知能力的发展均有显著影响。其中,亲子陪伴时间的投入会显著提高儿童的认知能力和非认知能力;督导时间的投入对儿童认知能力的发展有一定的抑制效应,但能显著提升儿童的非认知能力;娱乐时间的投入对儿童非认知能力的发展有显著的正向促进效应,但对儿童认知能力发展的影响不明显。通过异质性分析发现,上述发展关系在儿童性别、户籍、出生顺序、留守与否,以及不同的陪伴主体等不同特征群体具有显著的组间差异。进一步分析表明,父母陪伴主要通过提高与学校的交互程度、提升儿童学习的积极性等来促进其子女的人力资本发展。

Human capital development is of great importance to the high-quality development of families and economic society. A survey of the relationship between parental companionship and children’s human capital development in China shows the following:Parental companionship has a significant effect on the development of lower secondary school students’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills;the time used in parental companionship can help significantly improve their cognitive and non-cognitive skills;the time used in supervision has a certain inhibitory effect on the development of their cognitive skills,but can help significantly improve their non-cognitive skills;and the time used in recreations has a significantly positive effect on the development of their non-cognitive skills,but an insignificant effect on the development of their cognitive skills. A heterogenous analysis reveals that the aforesaid relationships show a significant group difference in the children’s gender,household registration,birth order,and those staying at home with them. A further analysis shows that parental companionship promotes children’s human capital development mainly by their parents’ improving interactions with their schools and promoting their enthusiasm for learning.