穿梭于学校内外——民族志与教育不平等研究

Shuttling in and Out of the School:Ethnography and the Research into Educational Inequality

面对剧烈的社会转型,民族志是教育不平等研究的重要路径。当前研究涉及进城务工人员随迁子女教育、城市教育、农村教育、职业教育、高等教育、民族教育等广泛的研究议题。这些分散而又多样化的主题在问题意识与理论关切上有相通之处:社会转型中阶层锻造的问题意识,持续寻求与西方理论对话,以及本土理论建构的努力。就此而言,马克思主义传统中的再生产理论仍然构成对话的基点,而工厂分析路径所展现的总体性思路对学校民族志来说同样重要。通过穿梭于学校内外,学校民族志可以立足学校中教与学的日常过程,带入学生的生活史资料,从总体性的角度阐释教育不平等的内在机制。

Ethnography is an important approach to the research into educational inequality in the fierce social transformations. The current research involves the education of migrant workers’ children,urban education,rural education,vocational education,higher education,the education of ethnic minorities,and other topics. These fragmental and diversified topics have something in common in terms of problem awareness and theoretical concerns,such as the awareness of the formation of the social class in social transformations,a persistent pursuit of dialogs with Western theories,and the efforts to construct local theories. This study argues that Marx’s reproduction theory still serves as the basis of the dialogs,and the factory analysis is important for the ethnography of a school. Shuttling in and out of a school,ethnography can,based on teaching and learning,include the data of students’ life history,and interpret the internal mechanism for educational inequality from the perspective of social totality.