水与村落的内生秩序——以富川瑶族自治县石枧村为中心的研究

Water and Rural Dynamic Order——A Case Study of Shijian Village in Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County

在中国传统的乡土社会,"水"与"土"是同等重要的核心元素。通过对石枧村水资源的地方性知识阐释以及不同类型水资源在乡土社会中的运作个案,展现了水在不同情境中所蕴含的洁净与危险、神圣与世俗、冲突与协商的动态特征,以及国家、村集体、村民等治理主体,以水为中心展开的各种博弈、冲突、协商的动态过程,论述了传统的乡土秩序并非只是一种僵化、固有的静态规则框架,而是一套极具弹性与内生活力的动态协商体系。

In traditional Chinese rural society,water and soil are equally important elements.Through the interpretation of the local knowledge of water resources in Shijia Village and the operation cases of dif-ferent types of water resources in rural society,the paper shows the dynamic characteristics that water con-tains in different contexts—cleanness or danger,sacredness or secularity,and conflict or negotiation.The paper further demonstrates the dynamic process of various games,conflicts and negotiations which are cen-tered on water among governance entities such as the state,village collectives,and villagers.It is argued that instead of a rigid and inherent static framework of rules.the traditional rural order is actually a set of dynamic negotiation system with great flexibility and internal vitality.