民俗叙事:岁时节令习俗中避瘟叙事及其价值研究

Folk Narrative:the Narrative of Avoiding Plague in the Traditional Festivals and Its Value

岁时节令习俗中的避瘟叙事是文化的精华,是华彩乐章。人们通过语言叙事讲述民间对瘟疫的认识与预防之法,强调对有功于民的医学家的纪念,传承面对困难勇于担当的优秀品质;通过物象叙事呈现出独特的以避瘟为中心的文化景观;通过模拟巫术、反抗巫术等行为叙事来预防瘟疫。三大叙事三位一体,对当下讲述瘟疫的预防具有重要的参考价值;关于古代医学家的叙事,有助于人们认识古代有功于民的医学家,能够就此进一步建立自古至今在瘟疫预防与治疗方面做出贡献的医学家以及医生的纪念谱系,在清明节或特定的日子开展纪念活动;避瘟叙事还有助于促进医药民俗学的建立。针对节日避瘟叙事的研究是当下开展节日期间瘟疫预防的学术基础,有着现实意义。

The narrative of avoiding plague in seasonal customs is the essence of traditional Chinese culture.Through verbal narrative,the folk knowledge and methods of plague prevention are spread,em-phasizing the memory of the medical sages who have contributed to the people and inheriting the excellent quality of bravely undertaking tasks in the face of difficulties;a unique cultural landscape centered on avoi-ding plagues is presented through the image narrative;and the behavior narrative of simulating and resis-ting witchcraft is adopted to avoid plagues.The trinity of these three kinds of narratives are of great refer-ence value to the current narrative of plague prevention.The narrative about the ancient medical sages is helpful for people to remember and pay due respect to those who have contributed to the people in this field since ancient times,to establish the commemorative pedigree and therefore carry out commemorative activ-ities on Qingming Festival or on specific days.The narrative of avoiding plague also helps to promote the establishment of medical folklore.The research on the narrative of avoiding plague during festivals is the academic basis for plague prevention during festivals and has practical significance.