基肥施用方式对小麦出苗及苗期生长的影响

Effects of Application Methods of Base Fertilizer on Wheat Seedling Emergence and Growth

通过室内盆栽试验研究不同基肥施用方式对小麦出苗及苗期生长的影响。设置种肥混播条播、条播侧方施肥、条播下方施肥、种肥混播宽幅撒播4种播种施肥方式,同时每个播种施肥方式下设置225、375、600 kg/hm^(2)3个肥料用量水平。结果表明,种肥混播条播方式对小麦的出苗影响极为明显,且随着施肥量的增加小麦出苗率明显降低,条播侧方施肥、下方施肥以及种肥混播宽幅撒播方式对于小麦的出苗率影响不大。在种肥混播方式下,无论条播还是宽幅撒播方式均表现出了随着施肥量增加小麦株高和根系增加的趋势,其中种肥混播宽幅撒播方式下小麦株高和根长数值相对较高。同一播种施肥方式下,小麦地上部生物量随着施肥量的增加而增加,而在等量肥料投入的情况下,地上部生物量均表现为种肥混播宽幅撒播>条播侧方施肥>条播下方施肥>种肥混播条播。本试验条件下,建议小麦基肥采用种肥混播宽幅撒播的方式,以降低化肥用量、保证出苗安全和培育壮苗。

To explore the suitable base fertilizer method for wheat pre-winter seedlings,the effects of different base fertilizers on wheat seedling growth were studied by houseplant experiment.Four kinds of sowing and fertilizing methods were designed,such as seeds and fertilizers mixed and sown into a line,fertilized on the side of the sowing line,fertilized under the sowing line,seeds and fertilizers mixed and wide sowing.And in each mode,three fertilizer dosages of 225,375,and 600 kg/hm^(2)were set up.The results showed that the method of seed and fertilizer mixed into a line had a significant effect on the emergence of wheat seedling,and with the increase of fertilizing amount,the emergence rate of wheat decreased significantly.The other three methods of sowing and fertilizing had no obvious effect on the emergence of wheat.In the case of fertilizer and seed mixed,both sowing methods showed a trend of increasing plant height and root length with the increase of fertilizing amount.The plant height and root length of wheat were higher in the wide-seeding method.Using the same sowing method,the aboveground biomass of wheat increased with the increase of the fertilizing amount.In the case of equal amount of fertilizer input,the order of the aboveground biomass of wheat was as follows:seed and fertilizer mixed and wide sowing>fertilized on the side of the sowing line>fertilized under the sowing line>seed and fertilizer mixed and sown into a line.Under the condition of this experiment,it is suggested that the seeds and fertilizers should be mixed and widely sown to optimize the sowing of wheat.