高寒区大豆适宜播种期研究

Suitable Sowing Date of Soybean in the Frigid Region

针对气候变化背景下高寒区大豆播种期生产布局的需要,利用高寒区140个气象站点1971—2018年逐日平均气温、最低气温和1971—2015年逐日平均0~5 cm土层地温资料,对气温稳定通过8℃初日、0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过8℃、9℃、10℃初日、≥10℃活动积温的变化进行分析,选取适宜高寒区大豆播种期的气象指标,并进行高寒区大豆播种期的空间优化。结果表明:近48年高寒区气温稳定通过8℃初日呈明显提前趋势;1971—2015年0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过8℃、9℃、10℃初日提前,东四盟(内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔、兴安盟、通辽和赤峰)提前幅度最大,辽宁最小,空间上表现为初日由南向北递推,辽宁普遍最早,吉林和东四盟南部次之,黑龙江和东四盟中北部普遍较晚;0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过9℃可作为黑龙江、吉林和辽宁的大豆播种期气象指标,0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过10℃适合东四盟作为大豆播种期气象指标。综合大豆气象指标和品种熟性的高寒区播种期空间优化为应对气候变化及大豆生产布局起到积极的指导作用。

This research aims to investigate the optimum sowing date of soybean in frigid region under the background of climate change.Based on the daily average temperature and minimum temperature from 1971 to 2018 and daily average ground temperature at the soil depth of 0~5 cm from 1971 to 2015 of 140 meteorological stations in the frigid region,the temporal-spatial distribution of the first date of the temperature reaching 8℃,0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃,9℃,10℃,and the variation of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were analyzed.The trend of the first date for temperature reaching 8℃was clearly ahead in recent 48 years.While the first date of 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃,9℃ and 10℃ advanced.The largest advance of the first date of 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃,9℃ and 10℃ was in the four eastern leagues(Hulun Buir,Hinggan League,Tongliao and Chifeng of Inner Mongolia),and the smallest was in Liaoning.The first date of temperature reaching 8℃ and 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃,9℃ and 10℃ were postponed from south to north in space,and the first date in Liaoning was the earliest,followed by that in Jilin and south of the four eastern leagues,and was relatively late in Heilongjiang and the north-central of the four eastern leagues.0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 9℃ could be regarded as the agro-meteorological index of sowing date in Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning,while 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 10℃could be used as the index of sowing date in the four eastern leagues.The spatial optimization of sowing date for soybean which combines agro-meteorological with variety maturity is critical for production layout against climatic change.