山西省某大型煤矿企业煤尘危害分级及肺功能损害状况调查

Situation of coal dust hazards and its damage of pulmonary function of a large-scale coal mine enterprise of Shanxi province

目的探讨山西省某大型煤矿企业煤尘危害分级及肺功能损害的状况。方法于2019年1~6月,选择山西省某大型煤矿企业接触煤尘的51个生产岗位及598名生产工人作为研究对象。采集煤尘(呼尘)样品并检测,计算煤尘的危害分级指数,将接触煤尘(呼尘)的作业岗位划分为相对无害组、轻度、中度和重度危害组。各组工人测定第1秒内用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)值,并以Spearman等级相关法分析煤尘(呼尘)危害等级与肺功能之间关系。结果研究对象中岗位中共有13个岗位环境煤尘(呼尘)浓度超标(25.5%),肺功能异常者共168名(34.78%)。与相对无害组比较,轻度、中度和重度危害煤尘作业人员的肺功能异常构成比均较高(P<0.05),轻度、中度、重度危害煤尘作业人员的FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC值均较低(P<0.05)。煤尘(呼尘)等级与FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC值呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论要关注相对无害和轻度危害煤尘岗位的监督管理。FVC可能是接触煤尘敏感的肺功能指标之一。

Objective To investigate the status of coal dust hazard classification and lung function damage in a large coal mine in Shanxi Province.Methods From January to June in 2019,51 coal dust posts and 598 workers exposed to coal dust were selected from a large coal mine enterprise in Shanxi Province.The coal dust(exhaled dust)samples were collected and tested,and the hazard classification index of coal dust(exhaled dust)was calculated.The jobs exposed to coal dust(exhaled dust)were divided into relatively harmless,mild,moderate and severe hazard posts,and the corresponding workers were divided into relatively harmless group,mild,moderate and severe hazard groups.The forced expiratory volume(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)in the first second were measured.Spearman rank correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between the hazard grade of coal dust and lung function.Results Among 51 coal dust(exhalation)posts,13 coal dust(exhalation dust)exceeded the standard(25.5%).168 cases(34.78%)had abnormal pulmonary function.Compared with the relatively harmless group,the proportion of abnormal pulmonary function of workers in mild,moderate and severe hazard groups were higher,FEV1,FVC,FEV1/FVC values were lower,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The rank of coal dust(exhaled dust)was negatively correlated with FEV1,FVC and FEV1/FVC(P<0.01).Conclusion Attention should be paid to the supervision and management of relatively harmless and slightly harmful coal dust posts.FVC may be one of the lung function indexes sensitive to coal dust exposure.