心理应激和心理弹性在执行大项任务官兵睡眠质量与工作压力间的中介效应

Mediating effect of psychological stress and resilience on quality of sleep and working stress of officers and soldiers in major tasks

目的探讨在执行大项任务的官兵中,心理应激和心理弹性在睡眠情况与压力之间发挥的中介作用。方法应用军人心理应激自评问卷(Psychological stress evaluating test, PSET)、压力知觉量表(perceived stress scale, PSS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)对2019年6月至2020年6月间参与大项任务的464名陆军官兵进行调查,根据睡眠情况分为对照组(328例)、睡眠障碍组(136例,包含轻、中、重度睡眠障碍组);根据心理弹性情况分为低心理弹性组(95例)和高心理弹性组(369例)。采用Logistic回归分析官兵睡眠障碍相关因素,分析心理应激和心理弹性与压力程度、睡眠质量的相关性,以及前二者在后二者之间发挥的中介效应。结果睡眠障碍组年龄、目睹暴力事件例数、PSS、PSET评分均高于对照组,CD-RISC评分低于对照组(P<0.05),两组教育程度比例分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄(OR=1.076,P=0.001)、目睹暴力事件(OR=2.254,P=0.036)、PSS评分(OR=1.163,P=0.000)、PSET评分(OR=1.162,P=0.000)为官兵发生睡眠障碍的危险因素,CD-RISC评分(OR=0.885,P=0.000)为保护因素;PSQI评分与PSS、PSET评分均呈正相关(r=0.533、0.615,均P=0.000),PSS评分和PSET评分呈正相关(r=0.423,P=0.000);PSQI评分与CD-RISC评分呈负相关(r=-0.587,P=0.000),与PSS评分呈正相关(r=0.295,P=0.000);CD-RISC评分与PSS评分呈负相关(r=-0.393,P=0.000);心理应激和心理弹性在睡眠质量与压力之间具有中介效应,占总效应比例为40.41%。结论在执行大项任务的官兵中,心理应激和心理弹性在压力和睡眠质量之间发挥着中介效应;采取调节睡眠状态、改善心理应激和心理弹性的措施可降低官兵压力程度,有助于获得更好成绩。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological stress and resilience on sleep conditions and working stress among the officers and soldiers during major tasks. Methods Psychological stress evaluating test(PSET), perceived stress scale(PSS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), and Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC) were used to survey 464 officers and soldiers who took part in major tasks during June 2019 and June 2020. The subjects were assigned into control group(n=136) and somnipathy group(n=328, including light, moderate and severe subgroups) according to their sleep conditions, and also into low-resilience(n=95) or high-resilience(n=369) groups based on their scores of psychological resilience. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the related factors for sleep disorders, and Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to investigate the correlation of psychological stress and resilience with sleep quality as well as severity of working stress, so as to determine the mediating effect of the former 2 factors on the latter 2. Result After 2 and 6 cases were excluded due to incomplete data from the somnipathy and control group respectively, there were finally 456 cases subjected(134 and 322 cases respectively). The age, numbers of violence witnessed, and PSS and PSET scores were older, larger and higher, while the CD-RISC score was lower in the somnipathy group than the control group(P<0.05), and significant difference was seen in the education level between the 2 groups(P<0.05). Age(OR=1.076, P=0.001), violent cases witnessed(OR=2.254, P=0.036), PSS score(OR=1.163, P=0.000), and PSET score(OR=1.162, P=0.000) were the risk factors for sleep disorder in the subjects, while CD-RISC score(OR=0.885, P=0.000) was the protective factor. PSQI score was revealed positively correlated with both PSS and PSET scores(r=0.533, 0.615, all P=0.000), and PSS score was positively correlated with PSET score(r=0.423, P=0.000). PSQI score was shown negatively correlated with CD-RISC score(r=-0.587, P=0.000) and positively correlated with PSS score(r=0.295, P=0.000), while CD-RISC score was negatively correlated with PSS score(r=-0.393, P=0.000). Psychological stress and resilience played intermediary role in sleep quality and stress, accounting for 40.41% of the total effect. Conclusion Psychological stress and resilience have a mediating effect on sleep conditions and working stress for officers and soldiers during major tasks. Measures, such as adjusting sleep status and improving mental stress and psychological resilience can reduce the stress levels of officers and soldiers and help them to get better results.