臭氧结合氮气气调储藏对稻谷品质的影响

Effects of Ozone Pretreatment Combined With Atmosphere Packaging on Quality Characteristics of Paddy During Storage

为探讨臭氧(O_(3))预处理结合氮气(N_(2))气调对稻谷储藏品质的影响,以4种不同方式(O_(3)/N_(2)、O_(3)/Air、对照/N_(2)、对照/Air)对稻谷进行处理,并在14℃和相对湿度75%的储藏条件下,对储藏期间稻谷微生物指标、理化特性和感官评分等进行研究。结果表明,臭氧预处理显著降低了稻谷中细菌、霉菌和酵母菌菌落数(P<0.05)。在12个月的储藏过程中,各组稻谷的发芽率、过氧化氢酶活力、游离巯基含量等指标均随着储藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,其中,N_(2)气调组稻谷的各指标变化显著低于常规储藏组(P<0.05),表明N_(2)气调能有效保持稻谷的生理活性,延缓稻谷中脂质和蛋白质氧化。臭氧预处理在一定程度上降低了稻谷中游离巯基的含量,增加了脂肪酸值,但对稻谷的发芽率、过氧化氢酶活力均无显著影响(P>0.05)。基于以上7个指标的主成分分析及综合评价函数的结果表明,其中前2个主成分的累积方差贡献率为94.455%,能够较好地反映原始数据的信息,进一步分析显示,臭氧预处理结合N_(2)气调储藏稻谷的综合评分值下降速率最慢,能够有效减缓稻谷品质的变化,延长稻谷储藏期。本研究结果为稻谷的高品质储藏提供了理论依据。

In order to investigate the effects of ozone pretreatment combined with N_(2)controlled atmosphere on the storage quality of paddy,the paddy was treated in four different ways(O_(3)/N_(2),O_(3)/air,control/N_(2),control/air)and stored at 14℃and 75%relative humidity.The changes of microbial indexes,physicochemical properties and sensory scores of paddy during storage were studied.The results showed that ozone pretreatment significantly reduced the total number of bacterial colonies,mold and yeast colonies in paddy(P<0.05).During the storage of 12 M,the germination rate,catalase activity and free sulfhydryl content decreased with the prolongation of storage time for all the groups,and the lowest decreases were found for N_(2)controlled atmosphere groups(P<0.05).This indicated that N_(2)is beneficial for maintaining the physiological activity and delaying lipid and protein oxidation in paddy.Ozone pretreatment reduced the content of free sulfhydryl groups and increased the fatty acid value,while had no significant effect on the germination rate and catalase activity of paddy(P>0.05).Two principal components were screened by principal component analysis(PCA)based on the above-mentioned seven indicators,and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 94.455%,which could efficiently reflect the information of the original data.Further analysis showed that the comprehensive score value of paddy in ozone pretreatment combined with N_(2)controlled atmosphere group decreased the lowest during the storage,indicating that the combined treatment can effectively slow down the quality change and prolong the storage period of paddy during storage.The results of this study provide theoretical basis for high quality storage of rice.