不同优质食味粳稻产量及品质差异研究

Differences in Yield and Quality of Different Japonica Rice with Good Taste

以‘南粳9108’‘、南粳3908’和‘南粳5055’为材料,在相同的种植条件下,研究不同优质食味粳稻产量、群体生长特性以及稻米品质的差异。结果表明,‘南粳3908’产量最高,比‘南粳9108’和‘南粳5055’分别高9.02%和6.87%,主要表现为穗大、粒重、结实率高。‘南粳5055’早期发苗快,分蘖能力强,但拔节后消亡速度快,最终成穗率较低;‘南粳9108’和‘南粳3908’分蘖能力相对较弱,但最终成穗率较高。分蘖期‘南粳5055’叶面积指数最高,拔节期后‘南粳3908’最高,结实期叶面积指数衰减率‘南粳3908’最低。‘南粳5055’抽穗前干物质积累最快,抽穗至成熟逐渐放缓;‘南粳3908’分蘖期干物质积累慢,生育中后期干物质积累加快,干物质积累量及其比例最高。对稻米品质而言,‘南粳9108’的垩白度和垩白粒率显著高于‘南粳3908’和‘南粳5055’;‘南粳9108’的直链淀粉含量高,胶稠度短,而‘南粳3908’和‘南粳5055’的直链淀粉含量较低,胶稠度长;‘南粳5055’的蛋白质含量显著高于‘南粳9108’和‘南粳3908’;‘南粳9108’峰值黏度高、崩解值大、消减值小,食味表现最佳。综合来看,‘南粳3908’的产量表现最佳,适宜大田常规种植;‘南粳9108’品质表现最佳,适宜使用有机方式种植,打造中高端稻米品牌。

An experiment was conducted by using‘Nanjing 9108’,‘Nanjing 3908’, and‘Nanjing 5055’as materials, to compare the differences of yield, population growth and quality. The results showed that‘Nanjing3908’had the highest yield, which was 9.02% and 6.87% higher than‘Nanjing 9108’and‘Nanjing 5055’,respectively, and large panicle, grain weight and high seed setting rate.‘Nanjing 5055’had fast early seedlings and strong tillering ability, but died out quickly after jointing, eventually, the earing rate was low.‘Nanjing 9108’and‘Nanjing 3908’had relatively low tillering ability, but the tillering was stable and the final earing rate was high.‘Nanjing 5055’had the highest leaf area index at the tillering stage,‘Nanjing 3908’had the highest at jointing stage, and‘Nanjing 3908’had the lowest decay rate of leaf area index at the setting stage.‘Nanjing 5055’had the fastest dry matter accumulation from transplanting to heading, and gradually released from heading to maturity. The dry matter accumulation of‘Nanjing 3908’was slow at tillering stage,but after jointing, especially during heading and filling stage, the dry matter accumulation gradually accelerated, the dry matter accumulation amount and proportion were the highest. The chalkiness and chalkiness rate of‘Nanjing 9108’were significantly higher than‘Nanjing 3908’and‘Nanjing 5055’.‘Nanjing 9108’had high amylose content and short gel consistency,‘Nanjing 3908’and‘Nanjing 5055’had low amylose content and long gel consistency. The protein content of‘Nanjing 5055’was significantly higher than that of‘Nanjing 9108’and‘Nanjing 3908’.‘Nanjing 9108’had the highest peak viscosity, breakdown value and the lowest setback, its taste performance was the best. Overall,‘Nanjing 3908’has the best yield performance and is suitable for conventional planting in field.‘Nanjing 9108’has the best quality and is suitable to build high-quality rice brand under organic planting.