房地一体化不动产三维数据模型研究

3D Real Estate Data Models of Land and Housing Integration

房地不动产具备天然的立体特性,在三维空间中对其进行准确刻画是当前城市地上地下综合开发的关键问题,国内外学者已经提出了各类房地不动产数据模型,旨在解决房地不动产的管理与权利空间的三维表达问题。分析国内外学者的研究成果发现,国外学者提出的房地不动产数据模型多以地籍为核心展开,不能完全适用于我国的房地不动产管理;而国内学者虽兼顾了地籍和房产,但忽略了建筑实体、建筑空间与产权空间的关系,无法将房地不动产信息与建筑物信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)整合,不利于房地不动产的精细化管理。针对以上问题,本文提出了基于IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)标准扩展的房地一体化三维不动产数据模型,并通过实例验证了该模型在我国房地不动产管理上是可行的。研究结果表明,本文提出的模型正确表达了各类建筑对象和产权对象,既可以支持业务相关的关联关系的查询,也支持GIS常见拓扑关系的查询和表达,该模型除了能表达符合我国体制的房地不动产对象外,还关联了BIM模型中的建筑构件、建筑空间,为城市建设与运维管理提供技术模型支持。

Accurately quantifying the three-dimensional(3-D) characteristics of real estate in a 3-D space is a key issue for the comprehensive development of urban above ground and underground spaces. The domestic and foreign scholars have proposed various real estate data models to improve the real estate management and the 3-D expression of space rights. By reviewing domestic and foreign researches, it is found that the real estate data models proposed by foreign scholars mostly focus on cadastre, which cannot be fully applied to the real estate management in China. Although the domestic scholars have considered the cadastre and real estate, they neglected the relationship between architectural entities, architectural space, and property right. Thus, the real estate information and the Building Information Modeling(BIM) have not been integrated together in domestic models, which limits the management of real estate. Based on this, this paper proposes a 3-D real estate data model which integrates the land and housing based on extended Industry Foundation Classes(IFC) and further confirms the model feasibility for management of the real estate. The model proposed in this paper clearly expresses the building objects and property rights. It can not only support the query of association for business,but also support the query and expression of topological relations in GIS. The 3-D real estate data model integrates architectural components and architectural spaces in BIM, which provides technical support for urban construction and operation.