央行数字货币对商业银行的影响及对策建议

Impact and Countermeasures of Central Bank Digital Currency on Commercial Banks

自2014年以来,中国人民银行积极组织研究央行数字货币(简称“DC/EP”),并且对DC/EP已经进行小范围的内测试点。商业银行是DC/EP重要的分发机构,研究DC/EP的发行如何影响商业银行具有重要的意义。已有学者研究了DC/EP的投放会引起商业银行账户体系、支付结算、跨境结算、反洗钱等的变化。本文在充分借鉴前人研究的基础上,补充研究了DC/EP的投放还会给商业银行带来哪些影响。研究认为,DC/EP的发行将加剧商业银行市场竞争、降低运营成本、弱化物理网点功能、提高支付效率以及增强客户粘性等。据此建议,商业银行应加紧对数字货币的跟踪研究、增加科技投入和技术储备、加快物理网点转型、搭建数字货币应用场景、加快推进数字化转型以及做好数字货币风险管理等工作。

The People's Bank of China has actively organized research on the central bank's Digital Currency/Electronic Payment(DC/EP)since 2014,and has conducted the internal testing of DC/EP in a small range.Since commercial banks are important distribution agencies for the DC/EP,and it is of great significance to study how the DC/EP affects commercial banks.Scholars have studied that the release of DC/EP will cause changes in account system,payment and settlement,cross-border settlement,and anti-money laundering of commercial banks.This article has done supplementary research on other impacts of the DC/EP on commercial banks based on previous studies.The research indicates that the DC/EP will intensify market competition,reduce operating cost,weaken the function of physical outlets,improve payment efficiency,and enhance customer stickiness of commercial banks.It is suggested that commercial banks should step up their follow-up research on DC/EP,increase technology investment and technical reserves,accelerate the transformation of physical outlets,build digital currency application scenarios,accelerate digital transformation,and control the risk of the DC/EP.