小国的自我认知与外交行为:冷战后新加坡外交的演变与新挑战

The Self⁃Cognition and Diplomacy of Small States:The Evolution of Singapore’s Diplomacy in the Post⁃Cold War Era and the New Challenges

新加坡虽是小国,但在冷战后其外交成就显著,究其原因是新加坡的自我认知判断明确,因而研究新加坡的自我认知对于理解其外交行为具有十分重要的意义。新加坡的自我认知包括两个重要的方面:区域秩序的参与者和“全球性城市”。从地区来看,新加坡以东盟为中心建构东南亚的区域秩序,融入区域秩序当中,并把新加坡对区域秩序构建的理念推广开,成为区域秩序构建的重要领导者。从全球来看,新加坡作为“全球性城市”,积极发挥外交的自主性,利用地缘政治优势、科技实力、软实力等展开广泛的外交,积极地在国际舞台上扮演各种角色,为新加坡谋求更为广阔的外交空间。然而,随着中美等大国间竞争和地缘政治冲突加剧,又逢新冠肺炎疫情,新加坡的外交面临新的挑战。

Although Singapore is a small state,the achievements of its diplomacy are remarkable in the Post⁃Cold War Era.The reason is that Singapore has a clear self⁃cognition and judgment.Therefore,it is of great significance to study Singapore's self⁃cognition for understanding its diplomatic behavior.With the changes in the international environment and its own development after the end of the Cold War,Singapore's self⁃cognition changed accordingly.Singapore's self⁃cognition includes two important aspects,a participant in regional order and a“global city.”In Southeast Asia,Singapore joined in to build the region⁃al order with ASEAN as the center,integrated itself into the regional order,and promoted Singapore's con⁃cept of regional order construction,becoming an important leader in the construction of regional order.From global perspective,Singapore is a“global city”,actively exerting its diplomatic autonomy,using its own geopolitical advantages,scientific and technological advantages,soft power to carry out extensive diploma⁃cy,and actively on the international stage plays various roles and seek a broader diplomatic space for Singa⁃pore.However,with the intensification of competition and geopolitical conflicts between China and the U⁃nited States and other major powers,and the COVID⁃19 epidemic,Singapore's diplomacy is facing new challenges.