变与不变:“觉囊梵音”三期田野的观察与思考

The Variant and the Invariant:Observing and Introspecting Jonang Sanskrit via a Three-Phase Field Work

"觉囊梵音"是藏传佛教寺院现存最古老的音乐品种之一,"非遗"之后"觉囊梵音"走出寺院,进入公众与学界视野。本文采用田野调查的方法,呈现出非遗前后不同时间、不同空间"觉囊梵音"的不同型态。第一期田野通过对觉囊派确尔基寺法会音声的考察,呈现出觉囊梵音的原生型态。第二期田野是对"非遗之后"寺院之外,作为舞台展演的"觉囊梵音"的考察。第三期田野针对非遗前后"觉囊梵音"所呈现的不同型态,考察非遗之后"觉囊梵音"当下的保护与传承情况,以及"非遗"给"觉囊梵音"带来的各种影响。通过以上三期田野,观察非遗保护工作实践过程中,"觉囊梵音"在社会生活中的动态变化过程,并对"非遗"与"觉囊梵音"相关问题进行反思。

Being one of the oldest temple music in Tibetan Buddhism,Jonang Sanskrit has been introduced to public life and academic research since it was listed in Intangible Cultural Heritage.By placing jonang Sanskrit in pre and post listing phases,the following paper presents its different types varies in time and place via field work,during which a dynamically variable process of the music in social life is observed and the relevant issues of Jonang Sanskrit and"the listing programme" are introspected in accordance with a survey of the practice of preserving the intangible cultural heritage.