论明代通俗小说的再嫁故事及其伦理价值构建

Study on the Remarriage Story and the Construction of Its Ethical Values in the Popular Novels of the Ming Dynasty

明代贞节观念的强化与伦理实践的脱节,造成现实生活中贞节道德的“失范”,明代通俗小说的再嫁故事正是这种“道德失范”情景的形象写照。借助再嫁故事的书写,有些通俗小说篇目强化贞节观念,描述道德困境中再嫁妇女的节、义选择及其道德责任,表达出新的贞节观;有些小说篇目则透露出对妇女再嫁的理解、同情甚至欣赏,但这种同情与理解又是有道德底线的。通俗小说的妇女再嫁故事书写折射出晚明社会多元并存的伦理精神,它是道德至上主义的伦理褊狭,也是面向日常生活和体察人情人性的道德宽容,同时也渗透着明确的礼法精神。

The separation between the strengthening of the concept of chastity and the ethical practice resulted in the"anomie"of chastity in real life.The remarriage stories in the popular novels of the Ming Dynasty were just the image portrayal of this"anomie".Some popular novels strengthened the concept of chastity,described the remarried women′s chastity,righteousness choice and their moral responsibility in the moral dilemma,and expressed the"new"concept of chastity;while some novels revealed the understanding,sympathy and even appreciation of women′s remarriage,but this kind of sympathy and understanding had a moral bottom line.The writing of women′s remarriage in popular novels reflected the ethical spirit of pluralistic coexistence in the late Ming Dynasty.It was the ethical narrow mindedness of morality supremacy,the moral tolerance facing daily life and observing human feelings and human nature,and also permeated the clear spirit of etiquette and law.