先于“存在”的“价值”--尼采“强力意志”的价值维度

“Value”Prior to“Being”-The Value Dimension of Nietzsche's Will to Power

尼采的价值评估指的是在生命的原初层面上所进行的一种自发的本能活动,是强力意志的直接呈现方式。其中,所谓的“价值”不是任何一种具体的价值,而是处于一切价值深层的价值原则,是价值的价值。尼采用“肯定”和“否定”来加以标识。以“否定”为原则的强力意志缺乏足够的生命力,没有能力进行自我肯定,只能诉诸某种外来的基础或目的,以“肯定”为原则的强力意志则具有丰盈的生命力,它能够不断地创造价值、进行自我肯定,它的存在同时意味着它的肯定。尼采倡导将这种纯粹的肯定因素活出来,实现为积极的生存方式,从而避免陷入虚无主义的陷阱。

Nietzsche s value assessment,referring to a spontaneous instinctive activity carried out at the original level of life,is a direct representation of the will to power.The so-called“value”is not a specific value,butis the value-principle that exists deeply beneath all values.Nietzsche uses“affirmation”and“negation”to mark them.The will to power holding the“negation”principle lacks sufficient vitality and has no ability to affirm itself;it has to search for some exterior basis or purpose.However,the will to power with“positive”principle has ample vitality to continuously create value and affirm itself;its existence also means its affirmation.Nietzsche advocates following this pure affirmation factor and leading a positive life,thus avoiding the trap of negative nihilism.