“无为”的生命图景--从阿甘本对提香画作的解读谈起

The Picture of“Inoperative”Lives-From Agamben's Interpretation of Titian s Paintings

2002年,意大利哲学家吉奥乔•阿甘本出版了《敞开:人与动物》。该书的创见在于,它揭示了西方主流的历史文化和知识体系都是“人类学机器”运作的结果。人类学机器在人类生命内部区分出人性和动物性,从而生产赤裸生命。在当代的政治生活中,每个人都有可能成为人类学机器的目标,沦为被共同体排除在外的“神圣人”。若要改变这种现状,摧毁人类学机器乃当务之急。在该书的第19章,阿甘本分析了提香的画作《人生三季》和《宁芙与牧羊人》。虽然这两幅画作描绘的都是“情欲”主题,但其内涵截然相反。《人生三季》呈现了情欲与圣洁、鄙俗与崇高、动物性与人性的二元对立,生命就在这一系列二元对立中撕扯。《宁芙与牧羊人》则呈现一幅“无为”的生命图景,在这里,人类学机器停摆,人性与动物性变得不可区分,生命完整圆融。

In 2002,the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben published a book named The Open:Man and Animal.The book s originality lies in the fact that it reveals that the western mainstream of history,culture and knowledge is the result of the operation of the“anthropological machines”.The anthropological machines produce bare lives by distinguishing between humanity and animality within human life.In contemporary political life,everyone is likely to be the target of the anthropological machines and become a“homo sacer”excluded from the community.To change this,it is imperative to destroy the anthropological machines.In Chapter 19 of the book,Agamben analyzes Titian s paintings The Three Ages of Man and Nymph and Shepherd.Although these two paintings depict the theme of“erotic desire”,they present diametrically opposite connotations.The Three Ages of Man presents the binary opposition between lust and holiness,vulgarity and nobility,animality and humanity,and life is torn in this series of binary oppositions.Nymph and Shepherd presents a picture of“inoperative”,where the anthropological machines ceases to function,humanity and animality become indistinguishable,and life is completely integrated.