论我国《民法典》机动车辆物权登记对抗制度的不足与立法完善路径

On the Deficiency and Legislative Perfection of Registration Antagonism System of Motor Vehicles Real Right in the Civil Code of China

我国民事立法属于大陆法系,物权变动模式为以债权形式主义为主,债权意思主义为辅的模式。《物权法》对船舶、航空器、机动车的所有权变动采用债权形式主义与登记对抗主义,并以“善意”限定第三人的范围。《民法典》不但原封继承了这一做法,还将其扩展到了机动车辆质押权的变动。这种立法模式,在理论机理、价值取向上均存在较大随意性,进而增加了法律适用的成本和不确定性。因此《民法典》相应物权变动制度应进一步完善。

China's civil legislation belongs to the civil law system.The mode of real right change is mainly the formalism of creditor's rights,supplemented by the meaning of creditor's rights.Real Rights Law of the People's Republic of China adopts registration antagonism to the changes of the ownership and pledge of ships,aircrafts and motor vehicles,and limits the scope of the third party with"good faith".The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China not only inherited this practice,but also extended it to the change of motor vehicle pledge.This kind of legislation mode has great randomness in theory mechanism and value orientation,which increases the cost of law application.Therefore,the corresponding real right change system of the civil code sh ould be further improved.