在实验动物水平通过恢复和改善胰岛β细胞功能的糖尿病治疗新进展

Research Progress on Treating Diabetes by Restoring and Improving Isletβ-Cell Function in Experimental Animals

糖尿病是一个世界性问题,在中国就有超过1.3亿人患有糖尿病。糖尿病主要分为1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。遗憾的是,糖尿病至今尚未达成有效的预防和治愈手段。但是,近年来的一系列突破性的研究成果,让我们看到了治愈糖尿病的希望。在这里我们回顾了目前关于1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病可能的治愈途径的研究进展。这些途径包括胰岛移植和1型糖尿病的干细胞治疗,以及抗体诱导的α细胞向β细胞分化,以及1型糖尿病中某些类型的β细胞能逃逸免疫攻击;糖尿病早期胰岛素长期注射治疗、GABA以及青蒿素长期诱导促进α细胞转化为β细胞从而恢复胰岛的结构和功能;研究还表明,长期增加维生素D受体的活性有利于减少炎症反应从而保护β细胞。但是在青蒿素诱导治愈2型糖尿病方面仍然存在争议。

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is becoming a worldwide problem.In China,more than 130 million of people are suffering from DM.DM is mainly divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Unfortunately,till now there is no efficient way to prevent and cure DM.However,in recent years,a series of breakthroughs in the research of diabetes treatment have been made and are shining lights on curing DM.Here we reviewed the current research progresses in the possible cure pathways for T1DM and T2DM.These pathways include islet transplantation,stem cell therapy for T1DM,the discovery that antibody-inducedαcells differentiation toβcells,and certain type ofβcells can escape from immune attack in T1DM.While long-term injection of insulin,long-term GABA and artemisinin administration to promote the conversion ofαcells intoβcells and consequently recovery the structure and function of islet;studies also showed that long-term increasing of vitamin D receptor activity will reduce the inflammatory response and protect the isletβcells.However,there are still questions about the healing effects of artemisinin on T2DM.