十字花科植物黑斑病的研究进展

Research Progress on Black Spot in Cruciferous Plants

十字花科植物黑斑病是由死体营养型致病菌链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)真菌侵染引起的重要病害之一。链格孢菌侵染植物的过程,首先通过释放毒素诱导侵染处植物细胞的程序性死亡,再通过细胞壁降解酶分解死亡的细胞。同时,植物也会通过激发先天性免疫反应,调节植物内源激素和植物抗毒素等分子抵御病菌的侵染。本文重点综述了链格孢菌侵染十字花科植物过程中,双方在基因组(致病和抗病基因)、转录组(调控因子)、代谢组(毒素和抗毒素)和蛋白组(酶类)等方面的相关变化及其作用机制,以期为培育抗黑斑病的十字花科蔬菜提供有价值的参考。

Black spot is one of the most important diseases in cruciferous vegetables and caused by the fungi of Alternaria species. The process of Alternaria spp. invading plants is divided into two steps, the first step is to induce programmed cell death of the plant cells in the infected area by releasing toxins, and then to decompose the dead cells by cell wall degrading enzymes. Meanwhile, plants can resist the infection of the fungi by the innate immune system, plant endogenous hormones and phytoalexins. This paper reviewed the interaction process of cruciferous plants and Alternaria spp., and the changes of the genomic(pathogenic and resistant genes), transcriptomic(regulatory factors), metabolic(toxins and phytoalexins) and proteomic(enzymes) in both plants and fungi during this process and their interaction mechanisms, which might provide valuable information for the breeding of cruciferous vegetables against black spot disease.