减量化肥配施紫云英对水稻产量稳定性的影响

Effects of Combination of Reduced Chemical Fertilizer and Chinese Milk Vetch on Rice Yield Stability

为探明长期减量化肥配施不同量紫云英对水稻产量及产量稳定性影响,以10年长期定位试验为平台,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(100%F)、减量20%和40%化肥分别配施22500、30000、37500、45000 kg·hm^(-2)紫云英10种施肥模式,研究水稻产量及产量变化趋势、水稻产量稳定性、肥料贡献率及土壤养分对不同施肥模式的响应。结果表明,施肥显著提高水稻年均产量,减量20%和40%化肥配施不同量紫云英较CK增产36.81%~40.07%,较单施化肥增产6.27%~8.80%。AMMI模型产量稳定性参数(Di)结果显示,化肥减施20%和40%均以配施45000 kg·hm^(-2)紫云英处理水稻产量稳定性最好,其次为配施37500 kg·hm^(-2)紫云英处理。减量化肥配施紫云英处理肥料贡献率较单施化肥提高4.55~6.42个百分点,以减量40%化肥配施37500 kg·hm^(-2)紫云英处理最高,肥料贡献率与土壤地力贡献率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。与CK相比,减量化肥配施紫云英明显提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量,水稻产量与土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),产量稳定性参数与土壤碱解氮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。综合考虑水稻高产、稳产及减肥效益,以减施40%化肥配施37500 kg·hm^(-2)紫云英处理效果最佳。本研究结果为豫南稻区合理施肥提供了理论依据。

In order to investigate effects of long-term combination of reduced chemical fertilizer with various amounts of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.) on rice yield and rice yield stability. Based on a 10-year long-term experiment, the respond of rice yield and its change trend, rice yield stability, contribution rate of fertilizer and soil nutrient to ten fertilization patterns were analyzed: non-fertilization(CK), chemical fertilizer(100%F), 20% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 22 500 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(80%F+GM1), 20% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 30 000 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(80%F+GM2), 20% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 37 500 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(80%F+GM3), 20% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 45 000 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(80%F+GM4), 40% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 22 500 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(60%F+GM1), 40% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 30 000 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(60%F+GM2), 40% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 37 500 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(60%F+GM3), and 40% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 45 000 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus(60%F+GM4). Results showed that fertilization significantly increased the annual average yield of rice. The rice yield of 20% and 40% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with A. sinicus increased by 36.81%-40.07% and 6.27%-8.80% compared with no fertilization and chemical fertilizer, respectively. The results of stability parameter based on AMMI model showed that, under the conditions of reduced 20% and 40% chemical fertilizer, the yield stability was the best when combined with the application of 45 000 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus, followed by 37 500 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus. The fertilizer contribution rate of reduced chemical fertilizer combined with A. sinicus increased by 4.55%-6.42% compared with chemical fertilizer, with the treatment of reduced 40% chemical fertilizer combined with 37 500 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus being the highest. The contribution rate of fertilizer was very significantly negatively related to the contribution rate of soil fertility(P<0.01). Reduced chemical fertilizer combined with A. sinicus significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus. Rice yield was very significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus(P<0.01), and rice yield stability parameter was very significantly negatively correlated with soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(P<0.01). Considering the benefits of high yield, stable yield of rice and reducing the usage of chemical fertilizer, we determined that applying 60% chemical fertilizer combined with 37 500 kg·hm^(-2) A. sinicus was the optimum fertilization pattern. Our findings can provide scientific guidance for reasonable fertilization in the rice-growing area of south Henan province.