微波技术在砖石质文物含水率检测中的应用

Application of microwave technology in detecting the moisture content of brick and stone cultural heritages

水是造成砖石质文物劣化的主要因素之一,因此探明其在文物内部的分布、运移规律是开展保护研究的重要基础。微波技术在检测材料内部的水分含量方面表现出较好前景,但在文物保护领域还未普遍应用。基于此,本研究首先介绍了微波技术的理论基础和相关仪器,并选取山西省的长春玉皇庙为对象,针对砖石材料的内部含水率开展了室内样块检测和现场墙体检测。结果表明,微波技术能够较为准确地揭示出文物内部的空间含水率分布规律,这对于研究其病害成因等具有重要作用。此外,与其他多种无损检测技术相比,微波技术检测材料含水率的优点更多,值得文物工作者进一步研究与应用。

Water is one of the main factors causing the deterioration of brick and stone cultural heritages.Thus,clarifying the distribution and movement pattern of water inside these objects has been an important task in conservation studies.Though microwave technology shows good prospects for detecting the moisture content of these materials,it has not been widely adopted in this field.Based on this,our paper first introduces the theoretical foundation of microwave technology and the related devices.The Yuhuang Temple in Shanxi Province was then chosen as a site for measurement of the moisture content of brick and stone material,both in the laboratory and in situ.The results show that microwave technology can accurately reveal the spatial distribution of moisture inside the object,and thus can play an important role in researching the causes of various diseases.In addition,compared to some other nondestructive testing technologies,microwave technology is more advantageous in detecting the moisture content of the material.Thus it is worthy of being studied and applied by cultural heritage researchers and conservators.