被历史遗漏的学科先驱:弗利德·迪克-布朗德斯在特莱津集中营的艺术治疗实践与机制

The Pioneer of Discipline Left out by History:Friedl Dicker-Brandeis's Art Therapy Practice and Mechanism in Terezín

1942年至1944年,一位从包豪斯毕业的女性艺术家弗利德·迪克-布朗德斯在捷克的特莱津集中营里秘密地教孩子们画画。1944年,迪克在奥斯维辛集中营遇难,但她离开特莱津之前把孩子们的5000幅作品妥善地藏好。这批绘画在集中营解放后被发掘出来,成为捷克的文化瑰宝。集中营里的美术课,不仅丰富了孩子们的生活同时也抚慰了他们的心灵,起到了艺术治疗的作用。本文论证了在艺术治疗领域,迪克是一位被历史遗漏的先驱;同时分析了迪克的艺术教育观和艺术治疗理念;以及集中营里的美术课的艺术治疗机制——在团队的凝聚力中释放儿童的创造力。

From 1942 to 1944,a female artist graduated from Bauhaus,Friedl Dicker-Brandeis,secretly taught children to draw in the Ghetto of Terezín in the Czech Republic.Dicker was killed in Auschwitz in 1944,but she had hidden the children's 5,000 paintings in good condition before she left Ghetto of Terezín.These paintings were discovered after the liberation of the concentration camp and became a treasure of Czech culture.The art course she taught in the Ghetto of Terezín not only enriches the children's lives,but also soothes the children's hearts and play the role of art therapy.The paper demonstrates that Dicker is a pioneer forgotten by history in the field of art therapy;meanwhile,it analyzes the concept of art therapy generated from Dicker's art education thought,and the mechanism of art therapy in the concentration camp--releasing children's creativity in the cohesion of the team.