环境侵权视域中修复责任之解构——兼议《民法典》第一千二百三十四条

Deconstruction of Restoration Liability from the Perspective of Environmental Tort:A Discussion on Article 1234 of Civil Code

我国《民法典》将生态环境损害纳入环境侵权救济范畴,以修复责任作为生态环境损害的责任承担方式。在环境侵权视域中,通过类型化研究传统环境侵权责任承担方式,并结合相关环境侵权案例中责任承担方式的分析,阐明了“生态环境修复”是“恢复原状”的扩张,《民法典》确立修复责任具有正当性。但是,《民法典》第一千二百三十四条仅规定修复责任请求权主体为国家规定的机关或者法律规定的组织,而在生态环境损害与人身或财产损害两类损害并存时,私主体并不能依据《民法典》享有修复责任请求权。因此,需要通过修订《环境保护法》或者出台相关司法解释赋予私主体修复责任请求权。

China's Civil Code includes ecological environmental damage into the environmental tort relief category,and takes restoration liability as the way to assume the liability of ecological environmental damage.From the perspective of environmental tort,by the typological study of the traditional way of environmental tort liability,and combining the analysis of the way of liability bearing in relevant environmental tort cases,it is clarified that“ecological environment restoration”is the expansion of“restoration to the original state”,and it is justified to establish the restoration liability in Civil Code.However,Article 1234 of Civil Code only stipulates that the subject of the right to claim for restoration liability is the institution stipulated by the state or the organization stipulated by law,but when ecological environmental damage and personal or property damage coexist,the private subject cannot enjoy the right to claim for restoration liability according to Civil Code.Therefore,it is necessary to amend Environmental Protection Law or issue relevant judicial interpretations to endow private subjects with the right to claim for restoration liability.