农业科技与乡村产业发展的匹配性分析

The Matching Analysis of Agricultural Science and Technology and Rural Industry Development

强化农业科技的支撑作用符合乡村产业的发展取向,也是实施乡村振兴战略的应有之意,具有重要的现实意义。文章将农业科技视为准公共产品,通过构建指标体系,基于匹配度模型,测算发现:中国农业科技与乡村产业之间匹配度不高,从供给端和需求端看,问题产生的原因在于农业科研体制条块分割问题严重、科研主体创新能力不足且与市场需求脱节、科技成果转化率低、农业科技推广体系建设滞后;乡村产业结构发展不平衡对农业科技的引致需求弱化、乡村产业比较收益不高无法对农业科技研发产生倒逼效应。基于以上结论,从供给机制、需求机制、供给与需求匹配等三个方面完成农业科技支持乡村产业发展的制度框架设计,并提出相应保障措施。

Strengthening the supporting role of agricultural science and technology conforms to the development orientation of rural industry,and it is essential for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy,which is of important practical significance.This study regards agricultural science and technology as quasi-public products.Through the establishment of the index system and based on the matching degree model,it is found out that the matching degree between China's agricultural science and technology and rural industry is not high.In terms of the supply and demand sides,the cause of the problem lie in the serious segmentation of agricultural scientific research system,the lack of innovation ability of scientific research subjects and the inconsistency with market demand,the low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements,and the underdeveloped agricultural science and technology promotion system.The unbalanced development of rural industry structure leads to the weakening demand for agricultural science and technology,and the low comparative income of rural industry fails to promote the research and development of agricultural science and technology.Therefore,this study designs the system framework of agricultural science and technology support for rural industry development from three perspectives,namely,supply mechanism,demand mechanism,and the supply and demand matching with corresponding guarantee measures.