企业集团“债务连坐”风险及防范——来自471份判决书的经验证据

Risks and Prevention of“Debt Congruence”of Enterprise Groups:Empirical Evidence from 471 Judgments

集团结构有利于企业运用公司独立人格和股东有限责任原则进行风险隔离,但公司人格否认制度可能导致企业集团内的“债务连坐”。公司人格否认的规则素以复杂和模糊著称,模糊的法律条文和见仁见智的研究观点都导致企业集团在防范“债务连坐”风险时无所适从。植根于司法审判实务中的经验证据,以判决书为研究对象,通过实证研究,可以发现业务混同、财产混同、过度控制是诱发企业集团“债务连坐”风险主要因素,而公司类型、原告债权人类型和审判层级等环境因素也会对这一风险产生影响。进一步地,则可有针对性地为企业集团防范上述法律风险提供实践建议。

The group structure is conducive to the use of the company’s independent personality and the principle of limited shareholder liability for risk isolation,but the system of disregarding corporate personality may lead to“debt ties”within the enterprise group.The rules of denial of corporate personality are known for their complexity and vagueness.The vague legal provisions and different research views have led to corporate groups at a loss when it comes to preventing the risk of“debt congruence”.This article is rooted in the empirical evidence in the judicial practice,taking the judgment as the research object.Through empirical research,it is found that business conflation,property conflation,and excessive control are the main factors that induce the risk of corporate group“debt congruence”,and the type of company,the type of plaintiff and creditor environmental factors such as the level of trial will also have an impact on this risk.Further,this article provides practical suggestions for enterprise groups to prevent the abovementioned legal risks.