乡村振兴背景下青年返乡创业的基础、类型与功能

Foundation,Types,and Functions of Youth Returning Home to Start Their Own Businesses in the Context of Rural Revitalization

青年返乡创业具有丰富的经济社会意涵,是实现乡村振兴的重要推力。基于河南信阳农村的田野调查,立足对青年返乡创业案例的深度刻画,分析青年返乡创业的实践基础、实践类型和社会功能。结果表明:与一代农民工把返乡当退路不同,乡村振兴背景下返乡是青年发展的新出路,进城是青年创业失败的退路。农民生产方式非农化释放土地规模化经营空间,“政绩”压力倒逼基层政府营造支持性创业环境,共同构成青年返乡创业的客观基础。家庭本位下的生活导向型返乡创业和自我实现驱动的兴趣导向型返乡创业,是青年返乡创业实践的两种主要类型。青年返乡创业在助推乡村产业发展转型、促进城乡融合、增加农民福祉等方面发挥着重要的社会功能。政府应遵循促进乡村发展而非“造点”的逻辑,通过公共资源的均衡性分配支持青年返乡创业。

The return of young people to start businesses has rich economic and social implications,and is an important push to achieve rural revitalization.Based on the field investigation of Xinyang’s rural area in Henan province,the paper analyzes the practical basis,practical types and social functions of young people returning to their hometown to start a business based on the in-depth characterization of entrepreneurial cases.The study found that,different from the older generation of migrant workers who regard returning home as a way out,under the background of rural revitalization,returning home is the way out for young people’s development while going to the city is the way out for young people to fail in entrepreneurship.Farmers’non-agricultural production mode has released the space for large-scaled land management,and the pressure of“political achievements”has forced the grassroots government to create a supportive entrepreneurial environment,which is the objective basis for young people to return to their hometown and start their own businesses.There are two main types of young people’s entrepreneurial practice of returning to hometown:Family-oriented entrepreneurship and self-actualization driven interest-oriented entrepreneurship.Young people who return home to start their own businesses play an important role in boosting the transformation of rural industry,promoting urbanrural integration,and increasing farmers’well-being.The government should follow the logic of rural development rather than“building”,and help young people to return home and start businesses through balanced distribution of public resources.