野生动物疫病暴发成因及其防控对策

Factors Affecting Outbreaks and Prevention and Control Strategies of Wildlife Infectious Diseases

近年来,世界范围内的野生动物疫病问题日益突出,严重威胁各国的生物安全和生态安全。气候变化和人类活动不断加剧是导致野生动物疫病频发的重要驱动因素。气候变化改变了疫源动物、媒介及病原生物的分布区和栖息环境,为野生动物疫病暴发、流行和侵入创造了条件。人类活动加剧增大了疫病在人、野生动物和家养动物之间交叉感染的概率和疫病传播速度,加大了疫病暴发、流行的风险。为应对日益严重的野生动物疫病重大挑战,亟待加强和完善我国野生动物疫病监测和防控体系建设,提升对野生动物疫病的研究、监测、预警、干预和防控能力,服务国家生物安全和生态安全战略。

Recently, wildlife infectious diseases have become a more and more serious problem in the world which imposes a big threat to bio-safety and eco-safety of worldwide. Accelerated climate change and human activities are key driving forces in causing more frequent occurrences of wildlife infectious diseases. Climate change could create favorable conditions for large-scale outbreak or invasion of wildlife infectious diseases by altering range shift or habitat of wildlife infectious diseases or their host/vectors. Human disturbance increases interspecific transmission of pathogens across people, wild and domestic animals, as well as their spread velocity facilitated by the modern transportation systems, and then occurrence of zoonotic diseases. In order to deal with the great challenge of more serious wildlife infectious diseases, it is necessary to strengthen the national monitoring and prevention system of wildlife infectious diseases in China, to promote the capacity for research, monitoring and forecasting, intervention and control on wildlife infectious diseases, so as to serve the bio-safety and eco-safety strategy of China.