农村基础教育“内卷化”的制度性审视

Institutional Factors of"Involution"of Rural Basic Education

基础教育作为整个教育系统的基石,是巩固个体终身发展的根本。当前,我国农村基础教育"内卷化"问题日益突出,主要表现为:基于效率优先下的社会分层作用弱化;基于增长趋势下的教育治理形式化凸显;基于维持状态下的城乡二元结构固化的现实危机。究其根源,在于多重制度性因素的累积影响严重,其中"以县为主"的分级管理体制导致了教育治理的形式化;"城市主导"的外控型教研室制度导致了需求表达的闭塞性;精英理念下的教育投入机制导致了资源倾斜的绝对化;市场导向下的生源流动机制导致了教育追求的异变性。如何消解农村基础教育"内卷化"是当务之急,急需提升农村基础教育的治理理性;构建高效的多元利益表达机制;打破制度渐进变迁的路径依赖;定位基础教育本质的价值排序。

As the cornerstone of entire education system,the basic education is the foundation to consolidate the lifelong development of individuals.At present,the problem of"involution"of rural basic education in China is expressed in three ways:mainly manifested in the weakening of social stratification based on efficiency priority;the formalization of education governance based on the growth trend;and the realistic crisis based on the solidification of urban-rural structure.The"county-based"hierarchical management system has led to the formalization of education governance.The"city-led"externally controlled by teaching and research office system has led to the occlusion of demand expression.The educational investment mechanism under the elite concept has led to the absoluteization of resource tilt.The market-oriented student flow mechanism has led to the variability of educational pursuits.How to eliminate the"involution"of basic education in rural areas?It is urgent to improve the governance rationality of basic education in rural areas,to construct an efficient mechanism for expressing multiple interests,to break the path dependence of gradual changes in the system and to make the position the essential value order of basic education.