现代煤气化技术现状及发展趋势综述

Summary of present situation and development trend of modern coal gasification technology

作为煤炭清洁高效利用的重要组成部分,现代煤气化技术发展迅速,气化工艺呈现多样性发展态势,即煤气化工艺具有多样性和适应性。通过对固定床、流化床、气流床等主流煤气化技术的工艺特点、应用范围、应用推广情况进行对比和论述分析,并从煤种适应性、气化过程热量回收、低压中小规模制燃气、数值模拟方法、气化灰渣综合利用等方面分析了技术应用现状和发展趋势,以期为现代煤化工技术的发展提供参考。气化工艺的选择应根据煤质条件、应用场景、工艺需求等方面综合考虑选取;煤种适应性方面应重点研究灰分和灰熔融温度及硫含量均高的煤、高碱煤、有机固废等含碳能源的气化技术应用;气化过程实现全热量回收、副产蒸汽,可提高系统热效率和运行经济性;工业燃气市场广阔,系统具有低压、中小规模、工艺简单、灵活操作等特点;气化炉技术开发和优化应综合使用计算流体力学、有限元、流固耦合等先进数值模拟方法以提高开发效率;气化灰渣应通过分离等方法实现资源化、减量化应用。需重视煤气化制取化工原料气和燃料气的市场,煤制取燃料气行业主要以中等规模、低压系统、灵活操作、低投资和运行成本为目标。煤气化技术发展需在拓展煤种适应性、提高系统余热利用效率、促进灰渣及废水等的资源化处置与利用、使用先进数值模拟方法系统优化设计开发等方面不断开拓和持续进步,以最终形成高效、环保、经济和安全的先进气化系统。

As an important part of clean and efficient coal utilization technology,modern coal gasification technology is developing rapidly and diversely,coal gasification process has diversity and adaptability.By comparing and analyzing the process characteristics,application scope and application promotion of mainstream coal gasification technologies(such as fixed bed,fluidized bed and entrained flow bed),the application status and development trend of technologies were analyzed from aspects such as coal type adaptability,full heat recovery in gasification process,low-pressure medium and small scale gas production,numerical simulation method and comprehensive gasification ash utilization.Therefore,the reference for development of industrial technology can be provided.The selection of gasification technology should be based on coal quality conditions,application scenarios and process requirements.In terms of coal adaptability,it is necessary to focus on gasification technology for coal with high ash and ash fusion temperature and sulfur content,high alkali coal,organic solid waste and other carbon containing energy sources.The realization of total heat recovery to produce steam in gasification process can improve the thermal efficiency and operation economy of the system.The industrial fuel gas market is broad,the system has characteristics such as low pressure,small and medium scale,simple process and flexible operation.Advanced numerical simulation methods such as computational fluid dynamics,finite element and fluid solid coupling should be used in the development and optimization of gasifier technology to improve the development efficiency.Gasification ash and slag should be separated to realize resource utilization and reduction.It is necessary to pay attention to the market of coal gasification which produces chemical raw material gas and fuel gas.The coal to fuel gas industry mainly aims at medium scale,low pressure system,flexible operation,low investment and operation cost.The development of coal gasification technology needs to expand the adaptability of coal,improve the utilization efficiency of system waste heat,promote the resource disposal and utilization of ash and waste water,and use advanced numerical simulation method to optimize the design and development of the system.Finally,an advanced gasification system with high efficiency,environmental protection,economy and safety can be formed.