巨型表面活性剂的溶液自组装

Self-Assembly of Giant Surfactants in Solution

两亲性化合物的溶液自组装可形成有序的纳米结构,在纳米科学、生物载药、光电子等领域有着巨大的应用价值。近十年来,以具有三维刚性结构的分子纳米粒子为结构基元,研究者发展了一种分子尺度介于小分子表面活性剂和两亲性嵌段共聚物之间的两亲性化合物——巨型表面活性剂。巨型表面活性剂通过高效的“点击”化学连接亲水的分子纳米粒子头和疏水的聚合物尾链,具有精准的化学结构和灵活的分子构型可调节性。文中系统总结了巨型表面活性剂在溶液自组装方面的研究进展,从自组装体的形成机理角度,阐述了在溶液中巨型表面活性剂的自组装体的形成和演化。通过精准调控巨型表面活性剂的化学结构、分子构型以及实验条件可以得到丰富多样的有趣的自组装结构,这种自下而上构筑有序纳米结构的方法,为纳米技术的应用提供了多样化的材料库。

Ordered nanostructures formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic compounds in solution have wide potential applications in nanoscience,biological drug delivery,optoelectronics and so on.In the past decade,researchers have developed a new type of amphiphilic compound,giant surfactants(GSs),the size of which lies in between small surfactants and amphiphilic block copolymers.The GSs are composed of molecular nanoparticles(MNPs)with persistent shape and volume as the hydrophilic head and polymers/oligomers as the hydrophobic tail.Highly efficient“click”reaction facilitated the synthesis,affording GSs of precise chemical structures with flexible molecular configuration adjustability.This review systematically summarized the research progress of GSs self-assembly in solution.By precisely regulating the chemical structure,molecular configuration and experimental conditions,a wide variety of interesting self-assembly structures were obtained.Packing parameter and free energy theory were applied to rationalize the morphology evolution of self-assembly structures.The research on GSs further expands the bottom-up strategy of constructing ordered nanostructures,and provides a diversified material library for the application of nanotechnology.