松树蜂毒素腺解剖结构和毒素成分

Anatomical Structure of Venom Gland and Venom Composition Analysis of Sirex noctilio

以在黑龙江、内蒙古松树蜂(Sirex noctilio)发生区采集的松树蜂为研究对象,解剖松树蜂雌成虫腹部找到毒素腺和毒素囊的位置并在显微镜下观察其结构特点;用赛默飞气相色谱质谱联用仪,设定50℃开始升温,在5℃·min-1升到200℃条件下分析毒素成分。结果表明:毒素腺和毒素囊位于松树蜂的产卵器基部,毒素囊为绿豆粒大小半透明晶状组织,其结构特点有利于松树蜂储存尽可能多的毒素。毒素含有生物碱、糖及糖苷、脂肪酸和蛋白质等物质,其中脂肪酸类物质占主要比例,包括棕榈酸、十六碳烯酸、硬脂酸、十八烷酸等酸,毒素成分中的蛋白质可能是对寄主树木造成伤害的活性物质。

With Sirex noctilio collected from infected areas in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia,the anatomical locations of the venom gland and venom reservoir were observed by dissecting the abdomen of female adult S.noctilio and their structural characteristics were observed under a microscope.The temperature was set at 50℃and the venom composition was analyzed at 5℃/min to 200℃with Thermo Scientific GC-MS.The venom gland and venom reservoir were located at the base of S.noctilio ovipositor.The venom reservoir was translucent crystalline tissue with the size of green beans,and its structural features is beneficial for S.noctilio to store as many venoms as possible.Venoms,among which fatty acids account for the major proportion,contain alkaloids,sugars and glycosides,fatty acids and proteins.The fatty acids include palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid and stearic acid,and the proteins in the venom component may be the active substances that cause damage to the host trees.